Factors That Affect the Market Price of Oil

Factors That Affect the Market Price of OilTHE FACTORS THAT usurp THE MARKET PRICE OF A PRODUCT SUCH AS THE earth PRICE OF OIL IN THE PAST TWO DECADES.BRIEF 103737presentationIn order to imbibe a good understanding of the factors that be active the grocery impairment of a product, one al meek for first motivating to grasp the meaning of what a commercialise is. A market so-and-so be defined as an ara everyplace which buyers and sellers negotiate the shift of some product or related group of products. It must be possible, therefore, for buyers and sellers to communicate with each other and to make meaningful deals over the upstanding market. Individual markets differ in the degree of competition among the unhomogeneous buyers and sellers. In some miscues where the number of buyers and sellers is sufficiently large no one of them will prevail any appreci open influence on wrong. This is what is kn proclaim as a perfectly competitive market. However, for the purposes of this essay we will stick to the apprehension of a market.Using the table below we will show how the market toll of a product (bread) is affected.Demand and picture schedules for eggs and proportion tollFrom the table above we can see that the touchstone demanded is lots higher(prenominal) than the total supplied at 110 and 5 and the hurt is 0.50. This shows an waste demand of 105. When the measuring stick demanded is 90 and the sum of money supplied to the market is 46, we have exorbitance demand of 44 we correspondingly have a market price of 1. However, when the quantity demanded is 77.5 and the quantity supplied is 77.5, the market price for bread is 1.50. At this shew the quantity demanded is the similar as the quantity supplied. At such a price consumers respect to buy exactly the same amounts as the producers wish to sell, this is known as the vestibular sense price. At prices above 1.50 the quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded. Furthermore, the hig her the price, the lower the excess of quantity demanded over quantity supplied. The amount by which the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied is called the excess demand, which is defined as quantity demanded minus quantity supplied (qd qs). This is shown in the last column of the table.Finally, consider prices higher than 1.50. At these prices consumers wish to buy less than producers wish to sell. Thus, quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded. Furthermore, the higher the price, the larger the excess of one over the other. In this case there is negative excess demand (qd qs Now that we have still the factors that affect the market price of a product, we can now set off on to talk about the factors that affect the fluctuations in the price of rock anoint for the past two decades.In 1985, the price of petroleum (Saudi Arabian Light) was $27.53 per barrel1 ( familyly average). The price of petroleum during this issue was falling, in which in 1986, the Saudis chu ck out the swing producer role because they had the largest reserves of oil color and capacity utilisation to stabilize the price of oil when there was a shortage in the land oil market. By 1987, the price of oil had dropped to $16.95. In 1988, it dropped save to $13.27 and $15.62 in 1989. In 1990, Iraq invaded capital of Kuwait in what turned out to be a huge blow to the stable price of oil. The oil price rose to $20.45 per barrel. The major priming for this is that both Iraq and Kuwait were members of OPEC and payable(p) to the fight there was a shortage of oil in the world oil market which led to an increase in the price of oil. Between 1990 and 1991 the States launched operation desert storm, which was to assistant Kuwait against Iraq. This also contributed to the rise in the price of oil as America is the largest consumer of oil, and they needed it during the military hunting expedition of operation desert storm. In 1991 and 1992, the price of oil decreased to $16.63 a nd $17.16 respectively. In 1993, it fell again to $14.95 and $14.74 in 1994. In 1995, the price rose to $16.10, and in 1996 it chap up to $18.52. In 1998, the price initially dropped to $12.21 but shot back up again to $17.25 in 1999. The main reason for this during this period was that there was an Asiatic economic crisis the Iraq oil-for-food programme which helped in stabilizing the price of oil in 1998. In 2000, the price of oil leaped to an astounding $26.20. The reason for this was that due to the decline in the price of oil OPEC members decided to love back production in order to stabilize the price of oil, ahead it went below the amount various member countries of OPEC will be able to cover the cost of producing oil. In 2001, the price decreased to $22.81, and in the same year (Sept. 11th) there was an attack in the US which destroyed the world trade centre. In 2002 to 2003, the price of oil rose to $23.74, and $26.78 respectively. This came about due to quick demand gr owth mainly from countries like China, and India, in which in 2004, the price of oil jumped to an ecstatic $33.64. In the present year of 2005, the periodical average of the price of oil has reached $63 a barrel. However, for reasons to do with accuracy, we have decided not to use 2005 figures since we ar still in the year. The following(a) graph represents the trend in the world price of oil over the past two decades.Data source BP statistical Review of human beings talent, June 2005.On the ply side, the main players in the rude oil market are OPEC, which currently provides about 40 percent of world supply and hold about 70 percent of proven oil reserves, and non-OPEC producers who own the rest. OPEC as the marginal supplier does act like a covenant in approximately cases, i.e. they collude to restrict the output of oil and chivvy the price far above their cost. In recent years, its policy has been to counterweight the market plot of land allowing for an steal level of crude oil inventories in consuming nations. Non-OPEC producers, on the other hand, have relatively limited reserves and spare capacity, and generally behave as price takers. Currently, the estimated reserves of OPEC are 890 billion barrels, as opposed to 177 million barrels for non-OPEC members. In the last mentioned years, world until nowts such as the Iran and Iraq war, the Asiatic economic crisis, the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, and corpo consider social responsibility such as body politic statute which regard environmental pollution as high on the agenda (in some countrys environmental pollution is stricter than others in order to produce oil, e.g. Nigeria has a less stricter environmental pollution legislation compared to Saudi Arabia) have all contributed to the fluctuations in the world price of oil. However, of recent, the strong demand growth from Asia and China in particular can be utter to be the reason why the price of oil is rising. The intake of oil in 2004 gre w by 2.9 million barrels a day (mbd) (3.7 percent of which China contributed about 1 mbd) relative to 2003, which can be said to be the largest increase in the past 20 years. With guiding light exceptions of Iraq, Russia, and Saudi Arabia, the worlds oil producers may be scraggy to their short-run output capacity. Thereby, continuing increases in demand and the possibility of even minor disruptions (Hurricane Katrina (US), Industrial disputes (Nigeria), environmental concerns (Nigeria)) in supply thus help in explaining the high market price for oil. Investment in refine capacity has been too low, and a mismatch has emerged between the type of elaboration capacity now required and what is available. For sometime, world oil demand has been driven by high-quality light crude (oil of low density or containing a low wax content, which makes production and refining easier) and by sweet crude (oil with a low sulphur content). Recent step-ups to production capacity by OPEC have thoug h largely been in the heavy and sour grades of crude, which are more difficult and costly to refine. This lack of investment in appropriate refining capacity and limited substitution possibilities has pushed the retail price of oil up. Another reason which can be said to this lack of investment by OPEC members is a price collapse. When demand falls and the quotas allocated to member OPEC countries breaks down, the price can drop dramatically. For example, in 1997, OPEC raised its production ceiling by 2.5 million barrels per day in anticipation of growing Asian demand, but the currency crisis of late 1997 instead caused Asian demand to fall. The essence was a market price in 1998 that dipped to as low as $12.21 per barrel, the lowest level since 1973, and a $51 billion year over year reduction in oil revenue. In addition given coverd disbelief over the pace of Chinas economic development, OPEC may be cautious in expanding supply capabilities due to this. This uncertainty of slow or minimal investment contributes to high futures prices for oil delivery several years ahead. One should also note that since 1986, most oil exporting countries have been burning more oil than they have discovered and since 1998, there has been a fragile balance between supply and demand. Oil is being found at a lower rate than what has been consumed, i.e. we are finding reserves at 7 billion while consuming oil at 30 billion barrels per annum (Exxon-Mobil estimates), so the law of price adjustment and equilibrium can be said to have taken place.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThis paper has looked at the description of what a market is. We have also mentioned the concepts of demand and supply with regards to equilibrium and the law of price adjustment. The erratic movement in the price of oil in the past two decades are also looked at. Issues of what factors cause fluctuations in the price of oil such as, the lack of investment by various OPEC member countries into oil production so as t o keep up with the world demand of oil, the increasing demand of oil from Asia and the Peoples Republic of China, and the uncertainty of the oil market are all mentioned.It will be worthy to conclude that although at present these factors seem to be the norm that affects the price of oil, one should be more cautious into the future, as with hindsight these factors could become disused with time passing by. Potential factors which could turn out to be introduce in the future range from alternative sources of energy to synthetic fuels, in which in the long term the demand of oil will continue to exceed supply until the previous mentioned becomes entrenched in most economies.BIBLIOGRAPHYAsian Development Outlook, (2005), The challenge of higher oil prices.BP Statistical Review of human being Energy, (2005), Putting energy in the spotlight.Berkmen, P., Ouliaris, S., and Samiei, H., (2005), The structure of the oil market and causes of high prices, research department, International Monetary Fund.Chrystal, K.A., and Lipsey, R.G., (2004), Economics, Tenth Edition, Oxford printing press.International Energy Agency, (2004), Analysis of the impact of high oil prices on the Global economy. www.iea.org/textbase/ papers/2004/high_oil_prices.pdf.International Monetary Agency, (2004), Analysis of the impact of high oil prices on the global economy, research department, December.Saxton, J., (2005), Explaining the high price of oil, Joint Economic Committee, enquiry Report, United States Congress.Serrapere, J., (2005), Crude Oil Energy and Market Outlook, September.APPENDICESSource BP Statistical review data 2005The following table since 1999 shows that there has been no material excess oil supply.Estimated Annual World Oil Demand harvesting 2000 2005 (million barrels daily) % ChangeSource IEA monthly oil report July, 2005. 1 Footnotes1 The reason we have used US dollars is that it is predominantly used internationally as the currency to benchmark trade.

What Are you Really Learning at School?

What Are you truly Learning at School?What Are You Really Learning at School?You sit down in maths class while the instructor dr maven on ab come forth staple fiber math such as how to add, subtract, divide, and multiply. You think to yourself, Why I am still exacting this, I learned this like in simple(a) naturalise? Youre afraid embossed your hand drive ining what the other kids volition say, Whyd you cast run your mouth, we could of macrocosm doing the easy stuff instead of this touchy math. I actually could pass passed math for once in my manners since elementary aim. You as this less-traveled person sure doesnt want to get more(prenominal) unpopular than you were before. Instead, you sit back listen to sounds of kids rustling their notebook paper or training to form spitballs to shoot at peoples heads or the endless beeps of text messages universe sent to each other or the mini screams of girls after they get a line a request for prom date. Pargonnts wonde r why their childrens report post horse is so amiss and unsuffercap equal when they receive them that parents really dont know what teachers are teaching their children in cultivate and something necessitate to be make about it and change for once and for all. Many reasons lead up to what are we really learning in school such as unacceptable score on MSA and HSA, not enough skills to succeed, and not world able to use their own imagination.When parents receive the childs MSA or HSA report, the results are shocking. Children come to their parents with haemorrhoid of low average and average that on their regular school tests, they would get above 90% never to a lower place 80%. haemorrhoid taken from elementary schools since the MSA have plummet, The Baltimore Sun states, The ploughshare of third-graders at the school who passed the state reading test plummeted from 100 last course of instruction to 50 this year. The percentage of fourth-graders reading at proficient or advanced levels dropped advantageously-nigh 43 points, from 100 percent to 57 percent. Fourth-grade pass rank in math fell from 100 percent to 68 percent, and fifth-graders pass rates in reading dropped from 100 percent to 80 percent at Abbottston Elementary. From Abbottston Elementary School in Baltimore city, MD to Baltimore Liberation Diploma plus High School, MSA and HSA test scores have dropped leaving other schools onward of them and putting them behind in the dust. In this particular elementary school, scores were higher last year than this year, their schools scores overall decline more than 50% . Which means what are those teachers teaching that made those children do worse than before. Or maybe teachers had the books altered last year to cheat for the students because they knew their students werent prepared. Now, this year maybe they decided forgot the cheating part because they knew they would eventually get caught and belike prayed that their students would be ab le to pass with the same high standards. But they didnt observe so, the school is now under speculation. First of all, The Baltimore Sun also states, Baltimore City schools results on this years Maryland School Assessment tests are a terrible disappointment. Although the overall declines in reading (3.3 percentage points) and math (4.9 percentage points) are not catastrophic, the results from individual schools paint a more upset picture. Of the 50 schools that showed the largest combined drops on math and reading scores since 2010, 45 were in Baltimore, including 19 of the bottom 20 and all of the bottom 10. variation averages and math averages are decreasing steadily unlikely in smarter schools plainly what are the teachers teaching thats making test scores drop. Parents, have you checked your childs regular school tests coming home, arent they passing with high Bs and As but now, you receive your childs MSA scores. They unacceptably low actually below average especially in re ading and math. You think what are these so called teachers teaching my child. If they are pass in regular grades, why couldnt they pass this MSA? Are the teachers making test easier for their job or what? perchance they just do it for the money or is the principal checking up on their students and teachers progress making sure no one is slacking? Do you seem to find that your child or now full-grown teenager doesnt have the right skills to supporter them succeed in life to able them to get a high-paying job? Do they find themselves working a local store as bagger not as a manager? Well, not having the right skills to succeed in life being taught in school is a problem too. teachers dont reckon what a child goes through or doesnt understand. In an article called, ethnic Diversity and Academic Achievement, The National Assessment of Educational march on (NEAP) reported that, Students from low socioeconomic backgrounds and many children of color consistently get below the natio nal average in mathematics and language skills, with the break widening as children continue through their school years. Teachers arent counseling on that one child that contains help, theyre too unhinged about how they class is going to react to something. Studies show that, 1 out of 10 children are afraid to raise their hand, ask questions, and seek help because theyre afraid of what theyre classmates will say. Its not unceasingly the childs fault either because if a teacher sees a child failing, they need to help by being more encouraging. This one of skills that needs to be successful in life, other skills are leadership, honesty, imaginative, and trust. Secondly, a psychologist, Jean Piaget did research about child training said, Over the away half-century, child development research has provided an increasingly comprehensive knowledge modest to explain how young children acquire skills and knowledge and define the environmental supports necessitate to stimulate and su stain development. Schools have ignored or rejected variant cultural expressions of development that are normal and adequate and on which school skills and knowledge can be built. Consequently, children from poor families have been judged to be scant(p) because they do not already know nor do they easily learn the school curriculum. . The world needs more and more compassionate inventiveness to solve difficult problems confronting us. Creative students do not have answers, but they habitually question the status quo and think about alternatives and improvements. They discover and mold possible answers. A Doctor of Education, Marvin Bartel Ed.D.speaks out and says, As teachers, we are oft partly to blame for the diminished inclination to be creative as children become socialized and aware of their own limitations. In creative teaching, appointment limitations can provide a way to change the students habits of work. However, the student needs to be given autonomy to make choices about what seems important. Otherwise, the motivation to be creative is lost. Third and most final, Marvin Bartel Ed.D. also says, Teachers abandon their imaginative and creative curiosity about life in favor of a more secure, but imposed and programmed kind of thinking habits. The accept answers from the Internet as correct (without enough thought). When this happens we miss many good ideas as well as risk injustice by manipulation.You sit in math class while the teacher drone on about basic math such as how to add, subtract, divide, and multiply. You think to yourself, Why I am still learning this, I learned this like in elementary school? Youre afraid raised your hand knowing what the other kids will say, Whyd you have run your mouth, we could of being doing the easy stuff instead of this hard math. I actually could have passed math for once in my life since elementary school. Some child development experts are concerned that schools right away are unacceptable scores on MSA an d HSA, arent teaching kids the skills they need to succeed, not being able to use their own imagination.A culture of testing, they say, is inhibiting the development of life skills. Curricular content aside, what do you think you are really learning at school? Are you developing skills that will melt you through life.

Role Of Community Radio Cultural Studies Essay

Role Of familiarity tuner ethnic Studies EssayIn this battlefield, the investigator is intended to unveil the conflict of residential district receiving set on affectionate development in Pakistan. The work at hand will pulsation the parting of existing three club radiocommunications RASTA FM 88.6 launched by Punjab Traffic Police in November 2010, PUFM 104.6 launched by represent of communication studies, University of Punjab in June 2004 and UAF FM 100.4 launched by Agriculture University, Faisalabad in overbearing 2012, bulge out of thirty four. biotic participation has been delimit as a base of interacting spate living in a common location (Wikipedia, 2012). Sub-continent, of which Pakistan forms a major chunk, is a part of earth where different religious, ethnic, economic and pagan groups, say communities, atomic piece 18 living together at sizeable well-disposed distances since long. Before the world shaped itself into Global Village with overhaul of newfound inventions in the field of media and technologies as Marshal McLuhan decl atomic number 18d it in 1964, these groups neer had a chance to interact with each new(prenominal) freely, thus liberal rise to differences and guts of alie demesne among them. Pakistan emerged on the map of the world gaining freedom from British rule in 1947 and nascent state could not serve well its communities reduce gap among them. The main factor that kept crippling the nation factor was state-controlled communication that served general masses, but did not vocalization for the genuine need of variety of communities to come closer to create homogeneity. As a result, Pakistan faced the first jerk in 1971 when it lost Bangladesh, the past East-Pakistan (Umm-e-Habiba, (2002). The remaining argona of Pakistan bears same cultural distribution of people as it had before 1971 as the East Pakistan was a separate part of let down of the nation. This diversity in population has turned into serious threat for internal integration for the land in recent geezerhood as the differences ar emerging at a rapid pace in roughly split like Baluchistan and Saraiki belt aggrieved by the policies of the ruling class and absence seizure of fora like familiarity radio.Radio by and for the alliance, be that a forcible one or a confederacy of interest, quotes Mary Myers subsequently years of experience and expertise in international media development (CIMA, 2008). He stresses upon the battle of corporation transforming itself in all aspects.UNESCO enshroud (2001) on Community Radio defines radio as follows (Cammaerts, 2010).Community broadcasting is a non-profit service that is own by a particular residential district, usually by a trust, foundation, or association.Media Act 1995 of Hungry states community radio as non-profit broadcasters and defines its duties in the address to follow that it agrees to serve national, ethnic or another(prenominal) minority goals, cultural a ims or a disadvantaged group, or intends to serve as the populace life forum of a community, provided it single-valued functions financial profit dumbfoundd by the broadcasting, as recorded separately, solely for the maintenance and development of the broadcasting (Act 1 of 1996, obligate 2) (Hungarian Federation of Free Radio, 1992). This exposition clears the position of community radio as non-profit entity dedicated to serve a specific group of a geographical location.Right from its origin, community radio is a tool to bridge the gaps amid people and their surroundings, whether it is another group or their government. In this scenario, researcher intends to prove whether the conceit of community radio can help combat these problems where such type of radio in addition to Public Radio and moneymaking(prenominal) Radio is invented to serve the stated intend. For this reason, researcher is keen to explore the impact of already on-aired community radios in different citi es of Pakistan. If it is a successful try out so far, it can save Pakistan from getting into more troubled water in terms of the exploding factional differences and glue the golf-club together through readiness of the highly needed local anesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic ventilation of their deep concerns.Objective of the contemplateObjectives of the study areTo gauge the role of community radios in educating people towards a healthy society.To study the context and contents of programs being on-aired for the purpose of promoting the sand of fond co-existence.To flier the penetration of community radios in dowry documentary necessarily of diagnoseeners.To compare and explore the difference of rearingal woo of selected community radios.To explore the take aim of participation of people towards selected community radios.To mea certain(predicate) the satisfaction level of auditors of selected community radio.To measure the difficulties faced by selected community radio s in terms of technical and financial resources in their crusade to condition society.Rationale for the studyThe aim of the study is to analyse the efforts of community radios of selected areas of Pakistan in educating people to build a healthy and peaceful society by feeding the need of people for breeding and right caution by providing them with the desired outlet at local levels. As it is clear from the definition of community radios, it has capacity to change the minds of people in positive direction by serving them and enabling them to know their rights and responsibilities. Cultural preservation, language protection, education of individuals, reducing religious differences, ethnic problems, sexual activity discrimination, digital divide and extremism, enhancing women empowerment, component disaster management can be done through community radio. It also enhances peoples participation in community development that directly increases their sense of debt instrument. It is high time for Pakistan to determine its people realize their worth as a member of society where e actually individual can count a decisive role in strengthening the roots of republic and rule of natural law. Thus, the role of community radios, if it be run-on philosophical lines loafer its emergence, can change the future of country, the reason researcher intends to study and measure the role of selected existing community radios in Pakistan. electron orbit of StudyScope of the study is broad based and far reaching. It contemplates deep implications as the concept of community radio can symbolise vital role in fostering social development among the deprived and digitally divided parts of Pakistan. As a developing state, Pakistan needs to address m each gravid issues out of which educating minds of people towards their role in social development and responsibility towards state are sublime and the most immediate ones. It can be done by airing the voice of the voiceless and bro adcasting for grazing land root level. This study will help evaluate the current scenario of community radios as well as measure community mobilization through them. It will also help media practitioners design future scheme for conniption up useful community radio.Literature ReviewA literature review is a systematic search and analysis of published breeding that the scholars and researchers constitute written on a topic (8). It helps to reduce the chances of duplicate along with indicating the direction of your research scope to maximize the reward of research.The study at hand intends to examine the role of community radios in social development of Pakistan. The researcher has planned to explore the avocation possible sources to enhance the conceptual and theoretical dimensions of the study. question JournalsThesesBooksOnline ArticlesOnline book of placards, newspaper magazine articles etcSharma. K.J. (2003) in his book Digital Broadcasting journalism studies the evol ution of community radio in the world. He stresses upon the need of more number of community radios in parade to bring people together. He gives example of Radio Mahaweli of Sri Lanka established in 1979 by UNESCO and DANIDA after(prenominal) the launch of bodily structure plan of hydroelectric butch in the area. It helped local community move efficiently to new homes. The 6 year broadcast of mobile radio vie a vital role in smooth and successful movement of a swell number of populations. He argues that third world countries specially the African and Asian need to improve the structure of community radios for differenceing the hardships and bringing intimately better growth rate.Tahir. N. S. (2010) in her article Community Radio unagitated a Tool of Social Change. Still a Far battle cry in Pakistan studies the history of radio in Pakistan and discusses the current development of community radios. She calls government dictorial regime of media responsible for slow develo pment of community radios. She fears local ethnic and extremist authorities to misuse these community stations for amerciable operations. She concludes that it is right time for the Pakistan to realize the importance of community radios and establish as vast network of the same as possible to curb social evils like extremism corruption. The question of misuse does not stand authentic anymore when a proper authority in the form of PEMRA exists to make sure a well directed and regulated use of community radios.Kanayama. T. (no. 29, 2007, Keio dialogue Review highlights the role of community radio. In his research article Community Ties and Revitalization The Role of Community Radio in Japan he tells how community radio plays a role in revitalizing local community in Japan. With the localism movement, most influential of all in the Japanese campaign for community broadcasting (Radio) was the government culture polity in late 1980, which eventually enforced the community broadcast ing law in 1992 to provide local information to local people via community radio, also community FM. Since the earth quake of 1995, importance of balanced and apropos information of community radio has been realized. Community radio has also played a vital role in motivating people for the construction of new system after the collapse of existing one. It played a role of revitaliser for the community of Japan.Zahid. M. (2007) in his research Role of Radio in Disaster Management. the case study of PUFM 104.6 at Muzafarabad studies the role of radio in disaster management. He takes example of PUFM 104.6 which, after earth quake of 2005, started its work for feeding the information needs of disaster hit people. He concludes his study by declaring radio a successful tool to help fight crises and disasters. He also favours this idea by calling it economical and the quickest way to bridge communication gap in disaster management. reading for development, an international research journa l of India that encompasses the role and relevance of ICT (information communication technology) in various development sectors such as rural development, gender, governance, micro-finance, education, health, wireless communication, ICT for poor, local content, culture and heritage and many more published a report on community radio in Pakistan in 2008. This report took into account the history of community radio in Pakistan before and after the composition of PEMRA. It takes into account the reasons for slow development of community radio in Pakistan and questions PEMRA most it. This report also describes the role of already established commercial and campus radios for training media students. It also highlights the problem of pirates who had been running illegal radio stations in Baluchistan and Azad Jammu Kashmir. It urges PEMRA to play more efficient role in establishing more number of community radios for the welfare of society.Once again in 2010, AMARC and Pakistan stir up existence appealed for setting up community radio in flood affect areas in Pakistan. In the statement they said, the authorities have been asked to be fictile and responsive to proposals for the establishment of community based broadcasting mechanisms so that any information gap that exists among the affected people is fulfilled and relief operations are made highly effective. They also acknowledged the role of radio in disaster management and crisis in earth quakes of Haiti and floods of Indonesia. Further, in the protagonism of their appeal they added, There is a need to complement these efforts by bridging the gaps of information at the very local levels and among displaced people. This can be effectively achieved by setting up emergency community radio stations. This appeal was perceive and UNESCO, with help of local authorities, established radio stations at the price of $400,000/-. (15)Pakistan Press Foundation (2012) organised a three days shop class for the training of media professionals to work for the betterment of society. They invited experts and scholars of the time to train media professional to play active role in community development. It was agreed that community radio are playing vital role in improving gender justice and women empowerment. Thus, vowing to spread and strengthen the network of community radios to rural areas as early as possible.IFEX report (2010), reviews the role of its partner foundation of Pakistan called Pakistan Press Foundation (PPF). The report takes into account all activities of PPF to establish visible and effective network of community radios since the Pakistan faced first huge natural calamity of the present century in 2005 in the form of earth quake. IFX appreciates the policies of PPF to help bridge information gap of disaster hit population after they lost all infrastructure of sources of information. Furthermore, this report believes that change is gaining ground after the struggle of PPF and deprived areas and people are now able to stick required information to be useful part of community. It stresses upon the continuity of this effort to maximize it to the maximum possible limit.Theoretical FrameworkStephen Littlejohn Karen Foss (2008) define speculation as any organized set of concepts, explanation and principles of some aspects of forgiving experience. (Cited in Baran Davis, 2009, p.11)Theory and research are interrelated to each other in a way that theory is important to conduct a research to provide basic guideline, whereas research helps in constructing, building, modifying or examination theories. The theories used to support this study are the democratization or popular participant theory. It emphasizes and supports following namelyThe medias multiplicityLocal nature of media physical exertion of the media in small scaleDe-institutionalizing mediaReciprocal part of recipient or communicatorHorizontal mediaInvolvement and interaction.Democratization / Democratic Par ticipant Media Theorys stapleprinciples are summarized by Mc Quail, in the year 1987. The principles are mentioned belowMinority-groups and individuals must be capable of enforcing the claims made by them forFreedom of approaching to media.Freedom of ask for the service against the needs, demanded by them, to the media.Medias organization and message content should be intentional in such a way that it is not affected by the bureaucratic and political control.Existence of media should be proved in reckon of the interests and need of the recipients should not be justified in respect of interests and needs of media entity, professional workers of media or the advertisers.Communities, organizations and groups must own media individually.Participatory, small-scale and interactive types of the media have been considered of more profit in comparison to unidirectional and large-scale media. The last mentioned are taken into use only by professional-media-workers.Generally, needs of the society are not taken into consideration by the well established media.Democratic Participant Media Theoryconsiders communication or mass media as very important and should be managed by the professionals.Democratic-participant theory is in the support of following pointsFreedom to associated local data.Freedom for answering backFreedom for victimization new communication means for the purpose of interactionFreedom of pickings social-action in community, subcultures and interest-groups small-scale settings of subcultures and interest group.Research Question MethodologyResearch QuestionsDo community radios educate people in Pakistan? If so, to what extent?What is level of participation of communities in achieving goals of community radios?Do community radios have comely resources to exonerate out their functions in Pakistan?Do community radios fulfil infotainment needs of listeners? If so, the extent of fulfilment and loopholes if any.Does content of community radios promote the sense of social co-existence in Pakistan?HypothesesH.1. Community radios are efficient tools for educating people of Pakistan.H.2. Community radios are helping bridge gap of infotainment needs of listeners.H.3. contented of community radios is promoting the sense of social co-existence in Pakistan.H.4. Communities are participating in achieving goals of community radios.H.5. Community radios do not have enough resources and facilities to carry out their functions in Pakistan.MethodologyMethodology is a research strategy that translates ontological and epistemological principle into guidelines that shows how research is to be conducted. (Sarantakos, 2005, p.30)To study the the role of community radio in social development in Pakistan. A case study of RASTA FM 88.8, UAF FM 100.4 PUFM 104.6, the researcher will use the survey research regularity and content analysis. The researcher will make an effort to test the research questions and hypotheses by selecting origination and drawin g out an appropriate adjudicate, followed by measurement rules, data presentation and analyses.MethodologyThe researcher selects the survey method for the study. Surveys are methods of data prayer in which information is gathered through oral or written skeptical. Oral questioning is cognise as interviewing and written questioning is accomplished through questionnaire, which are administered to the respondents by mail or handed to them personally by the researcher in their homes, at work, at school or any other place they are returned to the researcher after completion. These are also known as self-administered or self-completion questionnaire. (Sarantakos, 2005, p.239).The researcher has selected questionnaire as a tool for the collection of data. The proposed research study contains two kinds of questions.Open-ended questionsClose-ended questionsOpen-ended question requires respondents to generate their own answers. (Wimmer Dominick, 2011, p.187).In Close-ended question respo ndents select an answer from a list provided by the researcher. (Wimmer Dominick, 2011, p.188).The researcher also intends to use the content analysis method as well. Ole Holsti (1969) offers a broad definition of content analysis as any technique for making inferences by objectively and systematically identifying condition characteristics of messages. (Holsti, 1969)According to Dr. Klaus Krippendorff (1980 and 2004), six questions must be addressed in each content analysisWhich data are analyzed?How are they defined?What is the population from which they are drawn?What is the context relative to which the data are analyzed?What are the boundaries of the analysis?What is the target of the inferences?The researcher plans to analyze the programs of selected community radios in order to test the hypothesis and research questions to reach closing conclusion.UniverseTo define the universe is to specify the boundaries of the content to be considered. (Wimmer Dominick, 2003, p.145).Th e universe of present study is the community radios of Pakistan. tryA sample is a subset of the population that is representative of the entire population. (Wimmer Dominick, 2003, p.84).The sample of the present study is listener of selected community radios of Pakistan.The researcher selected three community radios of Pakistan that are followingRASTA FM 88.8, LahorePUFM 104.6, LahoreUAF FM 100.4, FaisalabadThe researcher has selected these radios because Lahore is the capital of Punjab, And Faisalabad is the hub of business of Pakistan where students have better opportunities for educational and all the educational institutes are well equipped with technology, and community radios of these areas are considered efficient in their working for the mobilization of community. Also, the community of these areas is well amend as compared to those of other parts of country and people of these areas are considered to be more efficient and active to play their role for their society.Listene rs will be selected through simple random sampling which is a type of hazard sampling. Simple random sampling is a sampling, where each subject or unit in the population has an equal chance of being selected. (Wimmer Dominick, 2006, P.82)Sample sizeThe sample of the present study are listeners community radios of Pakistan and the sample size would be 100 respondents from each radio station, so the count sample size would be of 300.

Post Enlightenment European Culture: Metropolis (1927)

Post Enlightenment European Culture metropolis (1927)Final Paper urban center (a 1927 German video) 14210568 many a(prenominal) people be used to the image as a air to receive information, through the film is the story. Film is not exactly the action of entertainment, as a media form, is presented in conjunction with a lot of coating produced by an art type images. The film Metropolis is a operative German silent science-fiction film released in 1927 by Fritz Lang. It able to playact and portray the culture, political and amicable ideologies in Germany during that time. Since the remarkable work of Metropolis, it is regarded as unrivaled of time little naval divisionics that withstand the test of time.The film Metropolis explicitly demonstrated different aspects of European culture since the Enlightenment, including the operative(a) sectionalisation culture, totalitarian culture and the worship of applied science.First of all(prenominal), the relation between the ru nning(a) class and the bourgeoisie is revealed. In the film, the city was vertically separated into twain spaces clearly, implying the differences of lifestyle between the working class and the capitalistics, by sharply line of work of spatial distribution and configuration. The film opens by presentation the city of the workers which is infra the ground. Workers who wearing monotonous uniforms have to work day and night as a machine in the factories where be completely dark. Conversely, in that respect is an entirely subversive life on the ground. It is the world of the bourgeoisie which is a grow metropolis. It is a magnificent, gigantic city with gleaming skyscrapers linked by celestial highways, suspension bridges, and bustling street. People live in comfort and plenty, with ample stadiums and pleasure gardens. These effusive and energetic images show the life of the bourgeoisie are full of technology and possibilities. Also, the presence of the sentence As deep as l ay the workers city below the earth, so high above it towered the composite plant named the Club of the Sons, with its lecture halls in the film likewise revealed the mirroring yet turnaround environments in which the labor and the capitalists live in. Such high distinction emphasizes the sociable relationship of bourgeoisie and proletarians, and the rulers and the exploited.Working people are seen as a labor personnel, and usually regarded as passive victims of laissez faire as well as the capitalism (Thompson, p.3). For the purpose of working for the chosen elite Joh Federsen, the ruler of Metropolis, they are the masses of nameless workers who have to labor in an industrial tangled to accomplish repetitive and dull tasks, and respectable served as a sprocket wheel in a machine or a tool or pay saturnine without emotional expression and communication, in order of battle to sustain Metropolis. It seems that the film Metropolis portrays the working class culture which worke rs are incessantly in alienation, and squeezed and exploited by the rulers, in particular their labor forces, by analyse the lives of workers to capitalists. Besides, the pictures drawn in the movie indicates that the workers has class-consciousness (Thompson, p.1). For instance, Freder is not accepted by the workers when he attempting to integrate into the working class since the workers recognize him as Joh Fredersens son. away from the working class culture, totalitarian cultures are also demonstrated in Metropolis. Totalitarian movement and government are characterized by aiming at total domination and resting on mass support (Arendt, p.351). Totalitarian regimes undertake to hold the total authority over the society and dominate all aspects of public and private life wherever possible. In the film, Metropolis is govern by wealthy industrialists (capitalists), led by Joh Fredersen, a king in a suit, also the commander-in-chief. Joh Fredersen is the head of the city, is to giv e commands to the machine systems (i.e. the workers), in order to keep the city runs. He is the tower of the elites who holding most of the resources and managing the working class. However, underground-dwelling workers have to toil constantly to operate the machines, and they have no choice. The workers were hardly the hand of the city, just like robots, one command, one action. They are not be respected and cared by the ruler instead, they are just considered as the means of production. For example, when Freder told his father about the industrial accident that resulted in death of workers, Joh Fredersen first seen to be no response and tried to push aside him, and later he said the workers should belong to the depth where it was not they belonged to. It seems that no actions should be taken since Fredersen think those workers are just the tool in operation(p) the machine system. On the other hand, the workers did not have complaints and actions against the commander, even mu m continued to work as before as nothing was happened. It reveals that the working class is living worthless, and is dominated to work for serving the capitalists. Metropolis is simply a totalitarian regime as the working class is managed by Fredersen, and they have been isolated and ignored.Furthermore, the worship of technology and science and its relation with the bourgeoisie are also reflected in the movie. Capitalism is the first mode of production in world history to institutionalize self-sustaining economic growth. (Habermas, p. 247) It leads to an exceedingly fast rate of economic growth, which can increase living conditions and lead to a more prosperous country, therefore, legitimacy of the state can also be provided. And technology and science is the dominating force in the capitalist society. Metropolis is obviously a kind of capitalist society. In the film, there are lots of tall skyscrapers touching one another with path fingers and buzzed about by airplanes and bli mps, in particular the Tower of Babel, and thus it is technology- set. In order to enhancing the economic growth, the leader of Metropolis as well as the capitalists will emphasize work as an important force technology plays a major part of the society in sustaining the city. Therefore, no longitudinal is work part of the subsystem of the society, work becomes the driving force in the society. For example, when the grievances of the workers downcast out, with strike, revolt and revolution, the Metropolis has to face the suffering from the attack of underground water. It seems that there will be the collapse of the society when the action of work, the dominating force in the capitalist society and is prompted by the bourgeoisie who are profit-seeking, is not functioning. The machine system used to sustain the city is fail as the strike of the workers. On the other hand, Fredersen also cannot build, condition or monitoring device the city without technological power and the work-f low of information supported by technology.He has to expect on technology for his control of Metropolis. It seems that technology and science become the political theory of Metropolis, the capitalist society, to maintain the city operates.For the movie Metropolis, the scene showing the two measures vertically strike me most. The bottom clock counts off the time in ten hour increments for the workers, while the upper clock uses a 24-hour system, for managers, engineers and administrators. I think these two clock is about the interlingual rendition of time, reflecting the two social classes which is the working class and the capitalists, also implying work is the driven force of the society. This scene is fully illustrated the working class culture. The clock emphasizes the control of time over the workers. Just as a machine is always under the control of an external influence, the worker is controlled by the system of Metropolis. They just know they should work day by day, and de nied the rhythms of daylight and night. Unlike the capitalists on the ground, their lives is work, no other things. For them, time is not important and even meaningless. The victimization of the workers, and as the passive victims of capitalism are the significant characteristics of the working class culture.To conclude, different aspects of European culture since the Enlightenment are demonstrated by the film Metropolis. Not only that, the movie also fend for and reveal the current working condition of labors in the certain extent. In some workplace, especially in the developing countries with cheap labors, workers are oft easier in alienation, only working relationship and exploitation but no meaningful communication and mutual care between them and the capitalists. Same as the film portrayed, no one will leave their sphere. No one thinks about how the other half lives. No one is curious. The interaction becomes less important, and many of the social and cultural attributes of society fall apart. This is an unhealthy social phenomenon that should be aware and addressed.

Treatment Options in Recurrent GBM Research

Treatment Options in Re circulating(prenominal) GBM Re look toStrategies for clinical applicationsThe multi-omics entropy may also reveal primal leads for therapeutic applications. A rattling recent review on GBM, reported outcomes of clinical trials investigating current preaching options in recurrent GBM, including anti-angiogenic, prognosticateing bridle-path blockade and immun contrastingapy ground memory accesses (1). However the factortic and cellular heterobrokerity reflects in the modest results obtained so far. This necessitates identification and validation of better therapeutic targets and active strategies to combat GBM. roughly sweet strategies argon showing promise in Phase II trials and prior in mannikination is becoming operational, such as, EGFRvIII peptide vaccine, Rindopepimut CD95 targeted monoclonal antibody, APG100 and multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib (1). A multi-pronged ascend targeting a panel of proteins may thus hold t he key to eliciting a synergistic response and prove more beneficial than current sermon modalities targeting individual markers. When it comes to circulatory or plasm-establish biomarkers, in view of the technical limitations encountered in deep and direct plasm psychoanalysis as discussed earlier, alternate methods which would throw overboard prediction of neoplasm link up molecules and their targeted exploration would be highly expendful. one(a) of the outcomes of the get a line was the identification of pieceive strategies for selective instruction analysis and integration, facilitated by the bioinformatics tools available today. It shows experimental identification of proteins passed with the screen to ensure analytical awkwardness and functional relevance as above (Stage 1). Biologically important and authorisation tumour specific proteins identified in verbal expression studies be because assessed for their secretory authorization based on com arrogateatio nal prediction algorithms for signal peptide and transmembrane domain containing proteins, such as, SignalP and TMHMM, observeively and via non-classical secretory mechanisms apply SecretomeP. These proteins atomic number 18 hike up prioritized based on their detectability and occurrence in proteomic data for secretome, CSF and plasma analysis (normal or patient) (Stage 2). The potential secretory basisdidates are then explored in plasma in a targeted manner (Stage 3). Interestingly, some of these proteins were identified in analysis of plasma or CSF from GBM patients (2, 3). Once bioinformatically scrutinized as above and compiled, the scene biomarker panels, can be subjected to validation and experimentation in cohorts of tissue sections, blood plasma/serum specimens from patients (Stage 4). We believe construction of such high confidence protein panels would be a valuable paradigm for studies in larger cohorts in clinical experimental designs.High confident lead candidates for experimental applicationGBM Secreted proteinsSecreted proteins squander an integral eccentric in GBM tumourigenesis through cell offset, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis besides world important in normal physiological processes and thus instrumental to the baring of cancer biomarkers. Besides being useful as markers for typing the tumor, their front end in easily accessible body fluids makes them useful for monitoring the malady progression or treatment response and recurrence. A thorough study of all available literature was done to key the several candidate biomarkers experience been reported in serum or plasma of GBM patients and these are shown in Table 1 in Chapter 1. However, such potential and lustrous new biomarkers are yet to be rigorously evaluated for application against this unmet need. Non-invasive methods based on circulatory biomarkers would be useful for monitoring not only when GBM patients but also for lower grades Grade II and III tumors th at usher longer survival periods.Further, some new reports on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) that commit identified in the plasma of GBM patients such as mutated IDH1 DNA (4), methylated MGMT DNA (5) and EGFRvIII mutant DNA (6). The highly fine sequencing based methods for detection of circulatory tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients plasma are under progress (7). These ctDNA markers shed by dead tumor cells may surface in future to be reasonable indicators for tumor diagnostics.Kinases in GBM Identification of GnRH signaling pathway using an alternate approachAs mentioned in Chapter 2, I used alternate approaches to enhance pathway views by targeting specific protein families, i.e. kinases. Protein kinases (PKs) are well known therapeutic targets in contrasting cancers and a family of proteins that are major components of signal transduction pathways acting as membrane sense organs (RTKs) or as intracellular signaling mediators (non-receptor PKs) and several protein kinases give birt h been regard in gliomagenesis (8, 9). Several studies gravel also shown altered expression of protein kinases in GBM and targeted therapies directed towards RTKs using kinase inhibitors are in clinical trials (10, 11). in that respect is renewed optimism in the use of kinase inhibitors to treat GBM (12). New therapeutic strategies have emerged that use multi-targeted kinase inhibitors to simultaneously disrupt multiple kinases (13). The GBM data was found to be enriched with several kinases. A total of 102 kinases were present tense in GBM datasets 77 different kinases in transcriptomics data and 30 kinases in proteomics data with 26 in putting surface between them. Pathway analysis using these kinases revealed GnRH signaling as the top pathway that has still not investigated in the context of GBM. We refer an overall enrichment of about 129 entities from omics datasets of which 26 kinases and 57 non-kinase members are coming from the consonant (n=711) transcriptome and prot eome dataset. The 26 concordant kinases along with their fold changes are shown in the finger 48 below. A large proportion of GnRH pathway entities include kinases (MAPKs, CAMKs, and RTKs) that enabled its identification as a top pathway using this approach. A targeted search of other non-kinase members of the pathway resulted in additional members of the pathway in omics datasets that foster increased its significance value.In GBM, it has been shown that human GnRH receptors are expressed in tumor cells and receptor activation affects apoptosis, adhesion and angiogenesis to promote tumorigenesis. GnRH signalling as a possible therapeutic target in cancer has already been suggested and put together with my observations it strongly concomitants this possibility in the context of GBM. The expanded hand-curated routine of GnRH signaling is a valuable resource for the scientific community.Expression of GnRH and GnRH receptor has been reported in GBM cell lines and tissue samples at both informational RNA and protein levels concordant with clinical data obtained using GBM tumor tissues and treatment with GnRH agonists resulted in anti-proliferative activity (14-16).There is also evidence that the analogues can cross the blood- wizardry barrier, indicating suitability for treatment of malignant glioblastomas (17). Given the significance of this pathway in cancers and GBM, further savvy the molecular interplay involving GnRH signalling pathway in light of my findings leave behind reveal is use as a potential molecular and therapeutic target. Glioma Amplicon and Risk RegionsThe protein cryptanalytics genes implicated in Glioma and other cancers were clustered based on their chromosomal locations using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis tools to compute overlaps with positional gene sets from Molecular Signatures database and further clustered based on proximity to other known oncogenes from Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology data resour ce, to identify colocalized gene clusters on Chr. 12 and other chromosomes as shown in Chapter 3. An important finding was that larger number of overexpressed differential regulated genes in glioma datasets mapped to 2 significant regions the glioma amplicon (n=37) in 12q13-15 region and the glioma susceptibility (n=16) in the 12p13 region implicated as a major happen region in patients with a family history of gliomas. The discovery of these two clusters of overexpressed genes provides a biological validation of mass-spectrometry derived data. unconnected from these two essential regions, several genes from the glioma dataset were found to cluster around amplicons on other chromosomes and other known cancer associated genes that were not identified in GBM datasets but present in close proximity to them. These can be investigated in a more targeted manner in glioma. Many studies have been done to understand the biological significance of these amplicon regions in gliomas that in dicate that these amplifications are more frequent in gliomas than previously thought and have different distribution patterns in low grade versus high grade tumors (18, 19). Overall, a relative high degree of amplifications and deletions are seen in GBM that have implications on the expression of the genes involved and contribute to relevant pathogenic genes (20).Novel genes and isoforms preference splicing increases the repertoire of protein functionality and heterogeneity and aberrant splicing events have been a great deal seen in several cancers, including GBM and increasing evidence now points to their important role in tumor initiation and progression. The concept of proteogenomics has emerged rapidly as a valuable approach to integrate mass spectrometry (MS)-derived proteomic data with transcriptomic data to identify fresh draw variants. However, the role of alternative splicing in GBM is still nascent and needs to be explored as potential biomarkers or molecular targets.A s detailed in Chapter 4, the identification of a novel variant of NCAM1, using a proteogenomics approach with 5 peptide evidences from MS data spanning a novel coding DNAic region, is very significant finding in GBM. NCAMs are well characterized glycoproteins that mediate cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion among neurons and between neurons and muscle. Several hook up with variants of NCAM1 have been identified (21, 22) and alterations in these have been found in serum and tissues of brain tumors (23, 24). NCAM1 has 5 known isoforms and also exhibits glycoforms as it can be post-translationally modified by the addition of polysialic acid (PSA), which is thought to abrogate its homophilic stick properties and affect the adhesive properties of NCAM (25). Further, PSA conjugated NCAM, was shown to potentiate migration via FGFR signaling apparent from its adhesion capability (26). The following observations may be noted with respect to this novel variantThe observation is supported in transcriptomics data in 18 out of 25 RNAseq samples.Multiple gene modelling software program such as Augustus, GenScan, AceView and Ensemble support the presence of this novel exon in their gene models and a high degree of conservation was seen as expected for an exonic region.This variant was also separately identified in MS-derived kind Proteome and IvyGAP RNAseq datasetsNCAM1 is upregulated in several cancers however, in GBM both transcript and protein data support its down regulation. We discovered two known forms of NCAM1 as well as the novel form to be down regulated.It is interesting to note that the miRNA (hsa-mir-30a-5p) that regulates NCAM1 is upregulated in GBM indicating the deregulation of a putative oncogenic cascade.In summary, our findings demonstrate the usefulness of compounding omics approaches to identify novel putative candidates in GBM. Although, it is not clear if the novel splice variant represents a major or minor form of NCAM1. At the transcript level, it seems to be a minor component however, preliminary assessment at the protein level is suggestive of it being a plethoric form. Regardless, it would be interesting to explore the biological significance of the novel splice variant of NCAM1 and examine its role in GBM tumorigenesis. Hence, in the light of this observation my identification of novel NCAM1 splice variant through proteogenomics analysis using GBM RNAseq data is a very important finding in GBM. The effect of this novel variant on cell-cell adhesion and migration in GBM needs to be further investigated in a targeted manner.Disease implications and targeted analysisStudies suggest that gliomas symbolise a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease caused by the malignant growth of glial cells that nourish neurons, resulting in a loss of brain function. Glutamate excitotoxicity is observed in several neurological diseases, which is also utilized by gliomas to gain growth advantage (27). My observations that neurologi cal conditions like Alzhiemers and Parkinsons disease share many common genes with gliomas possible indicate shared molecular mechanisms inducing neurodegeneration. Further, the chromosomal interpret of glioma differentials revealed two clusters one around 12p13 implicated as a glioma risk region and another around 12q13-15 region harboring a glioma amplicon with several overexpressed and amplified genes. Hence, extracting gene/disease associations and generation of a glioma-centric functional and diseasome network is important for correspondence GBM tumorigenesis. Further, this region was found to be enriched in several cancers including other brain neoplasms and neurological diseases that may share disease genes and processes with gliomas. Only 22 of the observed 108 disease genes in the diseasome network were identified in our proteomic analysis. The other 86 disease genes implicated in gliomas but not identified in our dataset can be investigated in a more targeted manner in g liomas, providing a global view of linkages between disease phenotypes. Additionally, the finding that chromosomal proximity of genes may have an impact on their functions can be used to explore the functions of missing proteins mapping within functional cassettes of related protein/genes. Such investigations offer newer paradigms that may be valuable to investigate and present clinically important targets.Future ScopeMetabolomic data integration and potentialCompared to the genome and proteome, metabolome represents the phenotypic changes more closely and has already been investigated for malignancies such as breast, ovarian, colon, bland and esophageal cancers. This line of investigation has been extended to gliomas albeit on a littler scale, revealing novel insights into the role of metabolites in GBM tumorigenesis (reviewed in ref. (28)). Previous studies have revealed how mutations can lead to generation of oncometabolites such as 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) specifically in IDH1 mutated gliomas (29). The discovery by Otto Warburg that cancer cells prefer to metabolize glucose through a seemingly inefficient process of aerobic glycolysis led to the application of 18-FDG-PET imaginativeness to predict the histological grade of gliomas. Using this technique we could now bed low grade gliomas that have low specific uptake (SUV) set from grade III and IV that have higher SUVs. One study performed global metabolic profiling using mass-spectrometry coupled to liquid/ bodge chromatography on patient derived tumor samples and found increased levels of glutathione, tryptophan and metabolites associated with phentose orthophosphate and nucleotide synthesis and glycolytic intermediates such as phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and 3-phosphoglycerate (30). These studies have collectively provided a window of opportunity for further investigation and integrating these changes with the changes at proteomic, transcriptomic and genomic levels will be the next big step in to stu dy the underlying biology of these tumors.Improving pathway analysis with phosphoproteomics dataProtein phosphorylation plays a interchange role in transmitting the signal from outside the cell through a cascade effect into an intracellular signal to control the biochemical pathways in all living cells. This mechanism of activation or defusing can be orchestrated by protein kinases via phosphorylation and phosphatases via dephosphorylation. Modifications to these signaling networks via mutations or anomalous protein expression or post-translational modifications may underlie both development and progression of tumorigenesis.Glioma RepositoryIn order to facilitate annotation of key foothold and manage the allurement of high-throughput data coming from different omics technologies and platforms and make it easier to salt away and retrieve large amounts of information, I proposed to a synopsis for data annotation, collection and deposition. The data will be stored in the backen d, in separate tables in a relational database (RDBMS), to enable effortless retrieval of key information for particular candidates of interest and also allow for complex querying. The outline for the schema is given below.Figure 49 Schema for development of a glioma deposit

Brave New World 3 :: essays research papers

Brave fresh World &8220Oh, my God, my GodIn 1932, Aldous Huxley kickoff published the novel, Brave refreshed World. During this time, the ideas that Huxley explored in his novel were not a reality, but merely science-fiction entertainment. Brave New World confronts ideas of totalitarianism, artificial reproduction, anti-individualism, and invariably youth- ideas which were not threatening in the 30&8217s. In the 1930&8217s, the high estimable standards good deal maintained and the limited amount of scientific knowledge did not allow for the acceptance of the types of ideas found in Brave New World. These determine include abstinance, family structure, and life-long marriages- issues that had little to no importance in the Brave New World. As we begin the new millenium, our increasing scientific knowledge has interpreted our curiousity beyond ethical consideration, and Huxley&8217s novel has become much encompassing(prenominal) to a reality than it was 65 years ago. Today, Hux ley&8217s Brave New World parallels current advances in transmissible engineering, cloning, the lowering of moral standards held by the general mass, and the obsession people have with looking young.Theses new discoveries of genetical engineering and cloning closely parallel the process of giving stand in the Brave New World. In Brave New World, people are born artificially in test tubes. Everyone is condidtioned to be the alike(p) to share the same characteristics, their way of thinking, and their ideas. People who claimed individual thought against the community- much(prenominal) as Bernard in the beginning of the novel- were considered to have a defect from a lab mistake during birth, and were ostracized from the community, until they conditioned themself to think like the rest of the community. scientific development in both genetical engineering and cloning, have do the idea of anti-individualism closer to a reality. Genetical engineering enables parents to choose characte ristics for their child, creating a &8220poster child which ultimately ends in every child becoming a poster child and all looking the same. Although genetical engineering is presently under ethical scepticism, and the cloning of humans is illegal, it is still possible to eventually end all diversity (except possibly between ethnic groups as in Brave New World). Huxley saysNinety-six identical twins functional ninety-six identical machines&8230 You really know where you are&8230 Community, Identity, Stability&8230 If we could bokanovskify a method whereby a human egg has its normal development arrested and whereupon it proceeds to bud, producing galore(postnominal) identical eggs indefinetly the whole problem

The Absurdity of Scientific Creationism Essay -- Science Religion Essa

The Absurdity of Scientific installationism We humans have always plan of ourselves as being unique, whether by divine sanction or by a self-established belief in superiority. For more or less, this understanding is intimately tied to the traditional tenets that have long been held as fact, having only recently been challenged. For modern Christians, the erratum interpretation of the Bible=s account of creation has come under attack by the development and widespread acceptance of Darwinian exploitation. To some, undermining the believability of Biblical creation directly calls into question the Bible=s ascendency on its moral teachings. As Ken Ham, from the WGBH Boston Video phylogenesis Series What About God? states, AYwhat it the Bible says is what it meansYit relates to the authority of scripture and the gospelsYso, if the Bible got it abuse in astronomyYgeologyYbiologyYthen why should I trust the Bible when it talks close to morality and salvation? i It is no wonder with sentiments like these that the backlash against phylogeny has been so strong and lasting nonetheless, it has not been until the last few decades that such(prenominal) a debate has moved from the pulpit to the laboratory. With a more enlightened and well-informed army of Christians, who believe in creationism, the scientific evidence for growing has now come under assault. With creationists and intelligent design advocates like total heat M. Morris and Michael J. Behe respectively, the attack on Darwin is no longer argued as religion versus evolution per se, but rather one Alegitimate scientific theory against another.Here, we examine some of the scientific arguments presented by Henry M. Morris in his various publications. As a biology major, I find Morris= writings fascin... ...nd privy D. Morris. The modern font Creation Trilogy Science & Creation. Vol. 2. Green Forest, AR Master Books, 1997.xvi http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/ Date Accessed Saturday, February 1, 2003xvii http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/tutorial/Altschul-1.html Date Accessed Saturday, February 1, 2003xviii http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/tutorial/Altschul-1.html Date Accessed Saturday, February 1, 2003xix Morris, Henry H. Scientific Creationism. Appleman 557-564.xx Morris, Henry M., and John D. Morris. The Modern Creation Trilogy Science & Creation. Vol. 2. Green Forest, AR Master Books, 1997.xxi Morris, Henry M., and John D. Morris. The Modern Creation Trilogy Science & Creation. Vol. 2. Green Forest, AR Master Books, 1997.xxii growing What About God? Videocassette. WGBH Boston Video, 2001. 60 min.

Exemplification Essay: Why The World Is Doomed -- Exemplification Essay

Every sidereal day when looking out a window, people see a fair earth. The earth is intriguing, but hinges on a delicate balance. Many intrinsic resources keep the grass green and the sky blue. Man has made quite an impression on our world, and has transformed the earths resources into tools to make life easy. However, mans manipulation on earth has become detrimental to the health of our planet and the safety of mankind. finished the use and production of resources such as oil and energy, man is step by step poisoning the earth. Pollution has become such a dilemma in society there is no real control or a feasible solution to societys recklessness. Without complete change, our system go away collapse. The earth volition eventually retaliate with disaster, or corporate control of our economy will cause hysteria and depression. Evaluation of the consequences and repercussion of worldwide pollution, may buckle under people a better idea of what the future holds. It is unfortunat e that at bottom the past 100 years our worlds economy has driven itself into a of late hole with the reliance on a black gold called oil. Since its discovery, it has been purified to issue many different forms of energy such as light, gasoline and more. Since engine room has enabled mankind to discover more capable methods of transportation, mankind has exploited its violence over nature and produced machines such as the fire engine. In combustion engines, oil explodes to move machinery, and emits a very toxic byproduct called CO2. one C is incredibly dangerous to the earths atmosphere, and erodes huge holes in the ozone layer of our earth. This erosion causes planetary warm and climate change that is permanent and irreversible. The impact of global warming will not only ... ...e sources. All facts, statements and reports conclude that mankind is in part responsible for this change in our ecosystem. Hence if we do not change, drastic changes over the next 100 years will scupper the safety of or so people and our environment. More and more research is creation deployed into this intriguing field of science. Some scientists deny reports of global warming impacts. And some scientists show more and more proof of such impacts. When will the academic and governmental community understand the consequences of our treasured way of life? allow for it way out huge catastrophic man-induced disasters to change the worlds mind on what actions to take? Is our economy so reliant upon oil that it will risk our planets health, for coin? People need to take action on these issues before the ill-use of global warming has left a huge, worsening-footprint on our earth.

Summary of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Romeo and Juliet Essays

Summary of William Shakespeares Romeo and Julietgenus capital of France asks Capulet for his daughter Juliets hand in marriage. Capulet replies that she is still too young to be married, and nevertheless invites Paris to try to woo her at a bedspread he is attribute that night. He gives a servant a list of guests and tells him to take an invitation to distributively of them. The servant is illiterate, and so goes about trying to find someone to get word the list for him. He runs into Romeo and Benvolio, who are still discussing Romeos unrequited love. The servant gets Romeo to pick out the guest list for him, and then tells him about the banquet. Benvolio convinces Romeo to go along with him to the banquet to compare the other beautiful women in that respect with the one he is ache for Rosaline, a niece of Capulet.Act I, Scene iii  Lady Capulet, Juliet, and the Nurse take to task about the possibility of Juliet being married to Paris. Lady Capulet encourages Juliet to co nsider him as a potential husband when she sees him at the banquet. The Nurse is completely interpreted with the idea, but Juliet is not especially enthusiastic.Commentary  These two scenes introduce Paris as Capulets pick for Juliets husband and, more broadly, establish the theme of parental influence over a childs happiness. In the last scene, it was shown how the hatred Capulet and Montague come out for each other flows down to affect the rest of their households and results in gaga conflict, but here the influence is more subtle and mundane. Paris is a nobleman and a worthy choice to be Juliets husband there is no reason why she should not want to marry him. Capulet himself defers to her power to choose for herself (My will to her accept is but a part), but his power to force her into a marriage if he feels it necessary is implicitly present. It is significant that Paris speaks to Juliets father to begin with he ever shows her every indication of his feelings, and appar ently before he flat gets to know her specially well. Lady Capulet, for her part, offers her entire support to her husbands plan for their daughter, and begins to put pressure on Juliet to think about Paris as a husband before Juliet begins to think about marriage at all on her own. Juliet even says to Lady Capulet in scene 3 how important her influence is to her in this matter Ill look to like, looking liking move / But no more deep will I endart mine eye / Than your consent gives strength to make it fly.

Marketing Strategy for Unilever South Africa Essay -- Business Marketi

Marketing Strategy for Unilever South AfricaUNILEVER COMPANY electric chargeOur purpose in Unilever is to meet the everyday needs of people everywhere - to anticipate the aspirations of our consumers and customers and to respond creatively and competitively with branded products and services which dress down the quality of brio. Our deep roots in local anesthetic cultures and markets well-nigh the serviceman are our unparalleled inheritance and the foundation for our future growth. We will bring our wealth of knowledge and international expertise to the service of local consumers - a truly multi-local multinational.Our long-term success requires a total consignment to exceptional standards of performance and productivity, to working together effectively and to a willingness to tweet new ideas and learn continuously. We believe that to succeed requires the highest standards of corporate behaviour towards our employees, consumers and the societies and world in which we live. Thi s is Unilevers road to sustainable, profitable growth for our business and long-term look upon creation for our shareholders and employees 2.COMPANY BACKGROUNDUnilever is part of an Anglo Dutch fast contemptible consumer goods manufacturer and marketer, one of the largest of its kind in the world. Unilever South Africa is headquartered in Durban with facilities in Johannesburg, Stellenbosch, Durban as well as Pietermaritzburg and consists of four Operating Companies Lever Ponds, Unifoods, olla and Hudson & Knight. Unilever is as well as represented in South Africa by Elizabeth Arden. Because Unilever has a form _or_ system of government of marketing the brands and not the company. The result is that they have been an integral part of life in South Africa without the consumer bei... ...n, while 70% of the market is based in Gauteng.&61656It is also recomm discontinueed that a Lube Engineer who is familiar with the pulp and report card industry be employed. Two people have alre ady been brought on board for the retail sector and additional two have also been employed for miscue oils.&61656Another recommendations is that the current Training budget be join ond from R17 000 to R67 000 in order to meet the training needs of this sector. The cutting oils sector, is very lucrative and will enable Caltex to meet its objective of attaining and increase in the market share of 5% by year end.&61656The diminutive promotional strategies should also be embarked upon to ensure that increased brand knowingness is attained, the financial implications of it, will be evident in the bottom line, as we forecast a 3.5% increase in sales by the end of 4 months.

The Enthusiastic :: essays research papers

EssayThe enthusiastic embrace of the net give way by the worlds people is changing the way they handle face-to-face and business relationships, define their lifestyle and learn about the rest of the world. With the Internet and modern engine room today there is no limit as to what people argon able to do. A majority of todays people (especially youth) would have to live very differently without the Internet as they use it in almost every aspect of their lives. It is now the al-Qaida of peoples lives and without it the world would be a different place. there is a d stimulate side to the Internet. People do not notice out as much, instead of doing things like exercising, getting out doors and creation with friends and family, they stay inside and surf the Internet. However with all the upsides of the Internet and technology these washbasin be ruled out, besides should not be forget altogether.Using the Internet, we now can communicate differently, that is through the use of electronic mail and online chat. No longer do we have to wait for days for a letter to reach its destination, but via e-mail it can take a number of seconds only. Information can be conveyed from one place to another(prenominal) much quicker. Online chat is a way people meet others, and convey up with friends without leaving the house. They can enter chat rooms from unlike sites over the net and talk/chat to people.Business relation ships are different as well. Deals can be made quicker online and do not have to be in person. Arranging meetings can be done online. Often a large part of a businesses work is done via or over the Internet especially if the company has its own web site set up.There is a huge cadence of advertising also on-line. Because so many people use the net, advertisements are put in the Internet. There is a wide scope of users, so all of these adverts would be thrown. Most advertisements are not plain pictures and text, but with a link to the businesses web site, (people only have to click on the icon.) Online advertising, in some ways, would be more effective that television, in that they can go directly to a companys site when they see the advertisement, if there is an online store people can buy right away.A business can display its products or services on the Internet, and cope it this way.

The Facts About Educational and Roth IRA’s Essay -- essays papers

The Facts About educational and Roth IRAsIn 1997 striking things came into play for the taxpayers. The Tax domesticize Act of 1997, which was inacted by the IRS, allowed single taxpayers and married taxpayers a considerable meter of tax relief for the teaching methodal and Roth IRAs. Individual Retirement Accounts, in addition bedn as IRAs, be accounts opened in an mortals name only and provide tax-deferred savings for retirement. The contri only ifions whitethorn be fully deductible, partially deductible, or nondeductible. All IRAs redeem the same basic characteristics that enable customers to save money while gaining benefits that whitethorn include tax-deferred savings and tax deductions. An IRA is a product in which customers place additional products into, such as CDs, stocks, bonds and mutual capital. These products are placed into IRAs to meet customers retirement, education, or other incoming needs. The customers are able to select these products based on their tolerance to peril and their individual investment goals. The IRA will hold these products and provide the probable tax shelter and savings incentives. In order to explain the great qualities of the Roth IRA and the Educational IRA, you mustiness know just a hardly a(prenominal) things about the conventional IRA. The Traditional IRA is the original product offered to dish up individuals set aside funds for retirement. To be eligible to contribute to the Traditional IRA the customer must be 70 1/2 or younger, and have an earned income. With the Traditional IRA any withdrawals are subject to income tax in the year in which they are macrocosm withdrawn. In addition there are some penalties which may adjudge if the individual is under the age of 59 1/2 when the funds are withdrawn. There are only seven ways the customers may withdrawal from their Traditional IRA before age 59 1/2 with out being penalized a 10% premature-distribution penalty. These seven ways would be death, disability, medical expenses over 7.5% of AGI, health insurance premiums for certain sluggish individuals, first time home buyer (up to $10,000), higher education expenses, and well equal periodic payments. With the Traditional IRA the maximum contribution allowed is the lesser of earned income or $2,000. This contribution is not tax-deductible (smartmoney, the choler super page, 2000). With a Traditional IRA there are required minimum distributions which must ... ...two options which they can choose from. The first option is to withdrawal the remaining amount, but it will be subject to income tax and an additional 10 share tax that represents earnings. The second option is to have the remaining amount rolled over into another IRA. In addition to the two options just discussed the Education IRA can be designated to another beneficiary instead of bowl it over. BibliographySmartMoney.com (2000). Roth IRAs You wanted to know Internet. Available http//www.smartmoney.com /ac/ira/index.cmf? bill=know 2000, January 28.SmartMoney.com (2000). Roth IRAs To convert or not Internet. Availablehttp//www.smartmoney.com/ac/ira/index.cmf?story=convert 2000, January 28.SmartMoney.com (2000). The IRA Super Page Internet. Availablehttp//www.smartmoney.com/ac/ira/indexcmf?story=supertable 2000, January 28.TrowePrice.com (2000). Education IRAs Internet. Availablehttp//www.troweprice.com/college/cpklib2.html 2000, February 8.Dow Jones Industrial Webcenter (2000). Whats gamey Internet. Availablehttp//www.irs.ustreas.gov/plain/hot/not97-603.html 2000, February 7

Black Magic vs. White Magic in Shakespeare’s The Tempest Essays

Black conjuring vs. White Magic in Shakespeares The Tempest A piece who governs his passions is truly wise. The heavens have not seen nor has the earth borne a more glorious person than the man who always obeys reason. Not whole the crowns of the world can adorn his head fittingly only timelessness can recompense one of such high virtue. To have a quiet soul is the only pleasure of the world (Anderson 173-4). Where is the line drawn amongst good and bad magic? Who decides which form of magic is criminal and which is not. Why was there a Glenda the good mesmerise and the wicked witch of the west (Wizard of Oz)? According to Robert S. Ellwood, Magic is widely practiced in old and traditional societies. In such contexts magic is not simply a pre-scientific way of attaining practical ends- it may also involve at to the lowest degree a partial symbolic recognition of the societys uncanny worldview and of its gods and myths. In this respect magic often merges with religion , and indeed the line between the two is frequently blurred (Ellwood, Encarta). Prospero definitely exposes the gray ...

The Prince and the Pauper :: Essays Papers

The Prince and the Pauper The three main ideas of this book are (1) deuce boys wishes becometrue but later they dont enjoy it (2) Be paying attention what you wish for(3) Al focussingsthink about what youre doing first. The two major characters were tomcat Canty and Edward, the Prince of Wales. The conflict was between John Canty, tomcats father, and the prince.The other conflict was between Tom and the lords, servants, the King, and every the royal people in the castle. John Canty, the lords, the servants, theKing, and all the royal people in the castle opposed Tom and Edward. Tom and Edward opposed them also. The characters deal with the situation that they find themselves in by say the truth. They never stopped telling everyone one who they really were. They insisted saying that there were not who everyone really thought they were. Everyone thought Tom and Edward were both mad. The priming coat why no one believed them is because they both looked a m anage and they both had transfer outfits. They exchanged outfits because Edward wanted to feel how it was to be a pauper and how to live like one and Tom wanted to feel how it was to be a prince, the son of the King, and how to live like one. First Tom was enjoying it because he didnt have to tapdance anymore, he ate good food, and he slept in a nice, familiar bed in the Kings palace, but later he didnt enjoy it because he wanted to go back home to his original family and live the way he used to live. The Prince of Wales, son of the King, Edward was then living like aPauper. He was treated badly and never ate anything at all. He was beatenby John Canty, Toms father and was always forced to beg. Toms florists chrysanthemum tried to stop John but John and Toms sisters watched in just slapped her horror. Edward didnt even enjoy being a pauper at least once. Everyone justthought that Tom and Edward were both mad. They solved the confusion, though. aft(prenominal) the King had died and Tomwas about to be crowned King of England Edward ran in and said that he was the true King.

Crusades Essay -- essays research papers

In 109 The First Crusade was launched by Christians with the support of the Roman Catholic church service in hopes of recapturing capital of Israel from the Muslims. The Crusades arose out of feudal society in the eleventh century, offering crusaders freedom adventure and a possible economical gain. Pope Urban II gave a speech to the church leadership and nobles in France, telling them to rescue their fellow Christians from the Muslims. He promised them everlasting lifespan in heaven if they went. The Crusades werent started for no apparent reason, their were many causes of the primary crusade and many effects. The crusades were mainly directed to Jerusalem and the consecrate Sepulcher.(West 5)Jerusalem was taken by the caliph Umar in the 7th century, and early in the 11th century Fatmid caliph Hakim began to persecute the Christians and despoil the Holy Sepulcher. (Colombia 1) In 1004 the caliph Cairo of Cairo ordered the destruction of the church and Holy Sepulcher, but son after he proclaimed himself to be god, and the Muslims got ride of him, the Greek emperor was permitted to rebuild the Holy Sepulcher. The juvenile centre of adventure in the art, literature and actions of the western Europeans became a cause for the add-on of pilgrimages to the holy lands. Europe was in a period of expansion and its hearten for war and conquest had grown during the years of fending off the raids of the Magyars, Viking and Saracens. The spirit of ghostlike reform that led to the Investiture Controversy led to an increase in popular spirituality. People now wanted to participate actively and do something in honor of their god.(Nelson 1) The different groups of European society contributed to the cause of the crusades. The nobility found themselves losing the importance they once had when they stood between Europe and its attacker. They needed to a greater extent land and started to fight with each other over it, their numbers were exploitation because there we no longer losses in battles.( Nelson 1) In 1054 the Church split into eastern and western organizations and the popes wanted to heal that split. They were also bear on in the Investiture Controversy and were looking for allies. Middle classes knew they could become large by cutting out of the Byzantines and taking the profits for themselves that byzantine merchants had been do on trade with them.(Nel... ...utman 3) The combination of these cultures resulted in the invention of the windmill, the compass, gunpowder, and clocks. The Pope precept the Crusades as a way to assert Church influence as a unifying force, with was as a religious mission. This was a new attitude to religion and it brought religious discipline, previously applicable to monks, to soldiery. Muslim architects began to attend the European pointed arch, and Europeans learned Greek medicine from the Muslims. They also learned armament techniques from one another. As a result of learning new military strategie s and uniting themselves against one cause, the Muslims developed a stronger religious nation, which also helped the pass up of feudalism and the Byzantine empire. The First Crusade was the only crusade that achieved more than temporary results and is the only crusade to ultimately succeed.

Enhancing Positive Thinking Essay -- Social Work

This research pass on imply a pilot intervention political platform called Think Positive-Live Positive (TPLP), for early days teens alongside with parental involvement, which will use cognitive behavioral techniques to watch children to identify the minus aspects of various situations and adjust successfully. The aim will be to help children modify their thoughts, focus on the positive perspectives of each event, and care with negativity using positive and adaptable solutions. In addition, the intervention program will teach parents how to interact better with their children, and aims to make them good and mind coaches. To measure childrens positivity, and negativity, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) will be used ahead of the intervention and at the end to equal results. The theoretical and CBT activities that this intervention program will use are from a research based self-help book What to Do When You Grumble in like manner oft - A Kids Guide to Overco ming Negativity by Huebner (PhD). Additional CBT exercises will be used for more results input and for children to gain a better intelligence of the conditioned skills. The purpose of this intervention is to investigate whether the children and parents participating will enjoy, meaningfully discuss amongst them, and understand how to use these skills to help them. In this pilot intervention, trinity children (11-13 year-old) and one or both parents of each child will conscious participate in a 6 hourly TPLP intervention sessions, 2 times per week, over a period of 4 weeks. The sessions will let in PowerPoint presentations with audio and vivid illustrations, interactive and guided exercises, discussions and practice using the learned skills.Considering todays fast moving li... ...nal of Excellence, 7, 54-66.Gillham, J.E, & Reivich, K.J. (2007). The Penn Resiliency Program Curriculum. University of Pennsylvania.Huebner, D. (2007). What to Do When You Grumble Too Much - A Kids Guid e to Overcoming Negativity. Washington, DC Magnitation press.Orlick, T. (2001). Nurturing positive-living skills for children Feeding the heart and soulfulness of humanity. diary of Excellence.Partridge & Orlick (2008). Positive Living Skills for Teenagers A Youth Intervention. journal of Performance Education.Steinberg, L. (2001). We know some things Parent-adolescent relations in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research in Adolescence, 11(1), 1-19.Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988b). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 10631070.

Style of Writing :: Education Writing Essays

Style of Writing In both of the records various elements of tendency atomic number 18 mentioned, William Strunk Jr. and E.B. face cloths The Elements of Style and Joseph M. Williams Style Toward Clarity and Grace, lucidness and concision atomic number 18 to be the most important. I think that in order for your reader to be able to enjoy and understand what they are reading, it has to be written clearly and concisely. I believed that everyone has his or her own style whether the style be that of ones hair, clothes, or writing. I endlessly knew that having your own style did not mean that yours was the best or eventide decidedly correct. After I finished toiling through Strunk and whitens The Elements of Style and Williams Style Toward Clarity and Grace, I learned that there is a dress code, even for writing. Yes, you could have your own style, per sey, however you must follow the rules and guidelines necessary for good writing. The Elements of S tyle and Style are interesting because separately, they tell two different versions to the same story. In Strunk and fairs book, a mere ninety-five pages of instruction, tell you in design and curt words the rules for writing clearly. This books intention was to be short, a part of handbook for quick reference. In its introduction E.B White writes, It was Will Strunks parvoum opus, his attempt to cut the vast tangle of English rhetoric atomic reactor to size and write its rules and principles on the head of a pin (Strunk and White xiii). This intention seems innocent but it is my belief that it leaves the reader wondering, without precise resolve in mind what clear writing is. Joseph M. Williams book, on the other hand, elaborates in detail of te guidelines and principles for writing the English language clearly and concisely. to each one of his systematic principles for good wiring are padded with an abundance of compositors case and explanation. Joseph Wi lliams acknowledges this in his preface you should understand this is not an afternoon read. We offer comminuted ways to put into specific practice the clichs of style Be clear Omit needless words We suggest you read this book a short section at a time, and then ascertain at your won writing the writing of others (Williams xiii).

Essay --

Dr. OzegovicHuman organic evolutionFebruary 12, 2014Infancy and ToddlerhoodGrowth and training for infants and toddlers bugger off been deemed the most crucial cartridge clip frame for proper development and learning. It is during this sequence that the body and mind grow, develop, and form very important distinguishing markers that will arrive at the future of the person. In this time, it depends on how the child is taught, and who teaches the child that will break up on what the child will grow up to be. In this topic I will be talking about physical, cognitive, and stimulated development. I will be discussing the unlike ideals that are theme to be the elements that march on the child into the adolescent they will become. We will be meeting my son, Tot, who is you medium everyday child, except for one point. He has auditory neuropathy. This condition makes him a bit different than other children. He is you everyday normal child, tho I feel that the way he has developed is different due(p) to the lack of understand of his condition, and the lack of communication. It in no way has affected his physical development, but I feel that it has affected his cognitive and emotional development, due the constraints of a langu come on barrier and lack of understanding.Physical DevelopmentFrom birth to being a toddler, the body goes thru several different changes and development stages. The different body parts will grow at different rates. This is described as the cephalocaudal trend, meaning head to tail, Exploring lifespan development pp.93. From the time the child is born the head makes up 25% of the body. By the age of 2 the lower part of the body eventually makes up to be equal to the head. The proximodistal trend is where the center of the torso grows outward... ...or example supports my son emotionally by giving him whatever he wants. He gets candy, and can dupe tv at the dinner table. At bedtime, she puts him to bed and lets him watch movies til he falls asleep. My cousin, when she watches Tot, she lets him run virtually and do whatever he wants. foment up, go to sleep, bathe, and others. In my home, we dont watch tv at the table, we have a set bedtime, and we only allow candy at specific times and only as a treat. Looking at the impact of these emotional styles of raising, my son is a crazy child and runs around screaming and laughing when he is with my cousin. The emotional support he gets thought is minimal. He has separation anxiety when he leaves me to go to her house, even though we are strict at my house. Its due to the need children have for perceptual constancy and knowing a schedule I think. In conclusion,