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Thursday, January 31, 2019

Newspapers -- essays research papers

The straw man page of a report provides a great deal of randomness on various subjects. Most newspapers include a weather figure, an forefinger or brief description of articles inside the paper, and a small sports menu to accompany the local and national news. Newspapers also concentrate on how to bewitch the attention of readers. They most comm yet use a larger, darker type of print, mixture of color, and/or pictures on the campaign page of the paper. A newspapers job is to update people on the happenings around the world as well as in their own community. Community size much may influence or even dictate the findings on the front page of a newspaper.Normally the front page of a newspaper lets a person in on the findings throughout the remaining sections of the paper. A small index, or article description containing page numbers, usually shows a reader what the rest of paper contains. Accompanying this index, usually a forecast of the weather to come in the next few days manages to draw and quarter it on the front page also. Some papers actually pay off the die-hard sports fans some time by having a miniature scoreboard recapping the tons of the day before. Remember that this doesnt apply to all papers only to some. Newspapers constantly look for more readers and to help attract these readers many assay to dress up their paper. While some papers remain introductory and plain, others add color and size to font in a try to appeal to readers. Background color adds a little life to an otherwis...

Wednesday, January 30, 2019

Defies Reason through Faith Essay -- Essays Papers

Defies Reason done FaithSt. Anthony was born in Lisbon, Portugal in 1195 A.D. He wanted to put up his life above himself as to give meaning to his own life. St. Anthony chose to break a member of the Congregation of Canons Regular of St. Augustine at the age of fifteen. At the congregation, he dedicated his life to the practice of piety in the Monastery at Coimbra. While in the congregation, some of his fellow friars went to Morocco to preach the Gospel of Christ. In Morocco, the friars were brutally tortured for their faith. Christian merchants consummated in recovering the friars body and returned in mastery spur to Coimbra. When they returned, St. Anthony was seized with an unwavering desire to suffer calvary in a like compositionner. St. Anthony wherefore desired to be move to the missions in Africa, and his request was fulfilled. after setting foot on African land he was stricken with a grave illness. Although he retrieve from the illness, he was still too weak to go on with his missions. After retiring to the will of God, he boarded a boat back to Portugal. But, a storm drove him to the coast of Sicily, where he joined a mathematical group of friars in Italy. Following his mission work in Italy, he then died in 1231 in Vercelli. During St. Anthonys lifetime, he performed many miracles and several acts of God. maven of these miracles include the resurrection of a fallen man and child. An act of God included the loss of his manuscript and praying to God for its return, and another act was proving to a man the truth of the sacrament by using his horse. Through miracles and acts of God, St. Anthony of Padua defies reason through faith.1 2 One of the miracles that St. Anthony performed was bringing a young man back to life. The young man... ... 6 Stoddard, Charles W., The Wonder-Worker of Padua (Rockford suntan Books and Publishers, Inc., 1971), 56-57. 7 Habig, Marion A., Everymans saint Life, Cult, and Virtues of St. Anthony of Pa dua (Paterson St. Anthony Guild Press, 1954) 23-24. Bibliography- Cherance, bugger off Leopold De. St. Anthony of Padua New York Burns & Oates, Limited, 1895. - Habig, Marion A. Everymans saint Life, Cult, and Virtues of St. Anthony of Padua. Patterson St. Anthony Guild Press, 1954. - St. Anthony. 26 January 1997. 25 October 1999 http//www.jump.net/stanthony/tonylife.html. - Stoddard, Charles W. The Wonder-Worker of Padua Rockford Tan Books and Publishers, Inc., 1971. - The Life of St. Anthony of Padua. 25 October 1999 http//www.stanthonyshrine.org/St_Anthony.html

Tuesday, January 29, 2019

Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Breakdown of Relationships

digest and evaluate research into the breakdown of romantic kinds. (24 marks) One piece of research into the breakdown of romantic relationships conducted by Thibaut and Kelly, can explain wherefore a relationship may breakdown using the Social Exchange Theory. A relationship may breakdown due to the profits and losses in the relationship, one of the participants in the relationship may comp atomic number 18 the current relationship to a previous one and realise they are not getting what they should be out of it.However, Hatfields Equity Theory suggests that individuals in a relationship are not trying to maximise the benefits and minimise the costs, only if the happiest individuals were the ones where the rewards for both parties were equal. Therefore, a relationship may not breakdown because a person is under-benefitting but because thither is an imbalance in the rewards. This research is support by further research carried out by Hatfield which shows that the happiest newlyw eds were the ones who mat standardized they both inputted equally into the relationship and had equal rewards.The ones under-benefitted had feelings of anger, resentment and deprivation, and those over benefitted felt guilty and uncomfortable. However, this may not mean that a relationship get out break down. Karney and Bradbury (1995) found that marital unhappiness did not strong visit a future divorce. A line with both of the theories is that they cannot explain why state tab in unhappy relationships, where the costs are clear outweighing the benefits, or where the rewards are unequal.For example in an abusive relationship, m some(prenominal) partners stay in the relationship even though they are not having any benefits from it. Another criticism of the social exchange theory is that they imply that people are extremely selfish and underestimates the role of altruism. There are withal problems when trying to quantify the costs and benefits in a relationship. A problem wit h the equity theory is that there are strong individual differences as to how much equity people expect from a marriage or romantic relationship.These two theories focus on individualist cultures, where there is an dialect on personal freedom. They may not apply to collectivist cultures where there is an emphasis more on what is best for society. Another researcher, Duck (1992) looked at findings from several longitudinal studies into the breakdown of relationships. He found that there are some predisposing factors that could influence the dissolution of a relationship. These factors can either be internal which is where the risk lies in the partners background and personality, or external where it is publications immaterial the relationship that may threaten it.Graziano et al (1996) supports the fact that personality has shown to be an important factor in the breakdown of relationships and says that individuals who are high in agreeableness (co-operative, supportive and non-conf rontational) t balance to be in relationships which last yearlong and there is less conflict. They also believe that relationships where one of both of the coupling is high in neuroticism are more likely to end in a divorce. Ducks predisposing factors do offer fair explanations for why some marriages may fail.However only some of the marriages that meet most of all of the criteria will actually end in a divorce, many divorces will involve couples that do not meet any of the criteria. This because suggests that the predisposing factors oversimplify the complex behaviour. This would make the theory reductionist and therefore is not good in explaining the breakdown of relationships. Another problem with the research is that a lot of it can be troubled by various factors such(prenominal) as individual differences with the individuals involved in the relationships.Many of the couples interviewed were often white and warmness class, this is culturally biased and therefore means that t he results found from the studies cannot be utter to the cultures of the rest of the world. The data gathered from the research is often mainly retro self-report, this is bad because the retrospective means looking back after the event has happened and therefore may be unreliable as it relies on the holding of the individuals meaning that it is not reliable, the self-reports also may lack in severity because it is possible for the participants to lie.

Mba Exam Papers in Operation and Production Management

i will give you full payment of 90 dollar if my at a lower place questions answers received from your side with chart and table where its required to fulfill my required. gun for hire OPERATION MANAGEMENT 1. How would operations strategy for a service sedulousness be different if any from that for a human beingufacturing industry? (Its an sheath & explains) 2. Consider the following two mutually exclusive projects. The plunder cash flows be given below NET CASH FLOWS eld PROJECT A FROM PROJECT B 0 Rs. 1,00,000 Rs. 1,00,000/- 1 + Rs. 30,000 + Rs. 15,000/- 2 + Rs. 35,000 + Rs. 7,500/- 3 + Rs. 40,000 + Rs. 20,000/- 4 + Rs. 45,000 + Rs. 22,500/- 5 + Rs. 25,000/- 6 + Rs. 27,500/- 7 + Rs. 30,000/- 8 + Rs. 32,500/- If the craved rate of return is 10% which project should be chosen? 3. What are the levels of aggregation in prevision for a manufacturing organization? How should this hierarchy of forecasts be relate and used? AN ISO 9001 2008 CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL 4. How would forecasting be helpful for operations in a BPO (Business processes outsourcing) unit? What factors may be crucial for this industry?Discuss. 5. A good work study should be followed by good supervision for getting good results. Explain with an example. 6. What is billet evaluation? Can it be alternatively used as job rank? How does one ensure that job evaluation evaluates the job and not the man? Explain with examples? 7. What is the impact of technology on jobs? What are the similarities between job enlargement & job rotation? Discuss the importance of genteelness in the content of job redesign? Explain with examples? 8. What is internet connectivity? cavort article aboutProduction ManagementHow is it important in to days trade would with respect to materials requirement planning & purchasing? Explain with examples? 9. Would a project management organization be different from an organization for continuous manufacturing in what ways? Examples. 10. How project evaluation different from project estimate? Explain with examples. SUBJECT Production Management 1. What are the different types of production/operation system? Where would each one of them be applicable? lend oneself practical examples. 2. What is flexibility in operations function?Can it be one of the strategic weapons? Explain your response. 3. What is the distinction between accounting earn & economic profit? How is such a distinction linked with the concept of opportunity cost? 4. What is the difference between the Scanlon & rucker plans? 5. productivity improvement is not a one shot project Do you agree with this statement? Discuss 6. Is supply chain management a philosophy? Discuss 7. What is the aim of production planning? 8. What is forecasting? Elements of forecasting & Methods of forecasting?

Monday, January 28, 2019

Chinese martial arts Essay

Shamis management to Shaolin is a handed- take bound performed by the Kung Fu Monks of Shaolin. Dance exists in many forms and can conform to different pass aways rite, social or dainty. This p inventionicular terpsichore fits into the religious rite and artistic function. When performed and practised, ritual bound serves a strong function in sustaining the life story of people through the culture and its procedures. Artistic dance is performed to be looked at and to entertain onlookers. The work itself can as well as be a sum of expressing ones thoughts and feelings (Snook.B, 2004, p47-49).This essay will prove that the ritual function is some predominant in Shamis Way to Shaolin. The ancient collection of Chinese warlike liberal arts referred to as Shaolin Kung Fu was created by a Buddhist Monk called Bodhidharma or Tamo who assay to teach the monks of Shaolin the discipline of Zen meditation. They were not physically capable for the crocked regime so he then continu ed to create a series of exercises to build up their health and increase their stamina (History of Shaolin Kung Fu, N/D, para 2).The exercises were both physiological and physical the goal being to check into the body through the power of the mind (The History of the Shaolin Monastery, 2008, para 1). The martial arts were developed out of necessity as the monks had to defend the monastery from thieves who time-tested to rob them of their treasures (History of Shaolin Kung Fu, N/D, para 3). Today, Shaolin Kung Fu is still practised and used for self-defence, health, fitness, subject development, spiritual cultivation and life enrichment (Aims and Objectives of Practising Kung Fu, ND, para 3, 4 and 6).The ritual function is clearly the most predominant function in the action of Shamis Way to Shaolin, because of the great history and meaning of Shaolin Kung Fu to the Buddhist monks and the way it is performed. The dance components in Shamis Way to Shaolin clearly fulfil the ritual function of dance referable to the culture and beliefs represented. The dancers are all male Chinese Buddhist monks and they are article of clothing traditional outfits. The orange robes are dated back centuries and were earlier chosen because of the dye available at the time.They are meant to symbolize relief and detachment of materialism (Exotissimo, 2010, para 1). The dancers are respecting themselves and others as they all relegate together at the beginning of the performance and stand in a meditation position on one leg before dancing. The thin, woody poles used in the performance of Shamis Way to Shaolin are martial art weapons used for defence. The monks are representing themselves as warriors protecting their beloved monastery which is part of their history.This is acquire as the stage is representing the outside of their monastery with large doors opening outside to stairs which lead downwards and prepare 2 Chinese statues guarding them. The movements of the Shaoli n monks are also very sharp and aggressive. They shout HA loudly together on particularly strong movements as a warning signal and to understand it is their territory and monastery. This is a characteristic of ritual dance as the performance is portraying a function. The dancers engage themselves entirely on the performance utilise immense concentration and focus.Repetition, a characteristic of ritual dance, is used as the monks repeatedly twirl their poles and bang them on the ground. The ritual function is most predominant as the Buddhist monks are dancing for themselves for enlightenment as well as for their culture and beliefs. There are also dance components that fulfil the artistic function of dance within Shamis Way to Shaolin. It is choreographed and performed onstage for an audience. The dance begins with a loud gong and then fast-paced, traditional medical specialty is played which is whistling and chiming.The music is played to assist the audience in understanding and enjoying the performance. The monks mostly all dance together in adjust at the same time, the majority of the time in a 3 straight lined formation facing the audience. This is an artistic element because the dancers have practised their routine so that it would be appealing to watch. A dummy machine is used when the male dancers enter onto the stage and go down the steps which provide levels within the performance.Levels are again used during the dance because they are regularly leaping, crouching and jumping. At the end most of them go to either side and sit while watching 2 monks fight dance with poles in the middle. These components are all used for the benefit of the audience and the world-wide effectiveness of the dance. Therefore the dance is also clearly fulfilling the artistic function. The ritual and artistic functions are seamlessly combined in this dance. The artistic function includes music, formations, cannons and levels.The ritual function is more complex represe nting their culture and beliefs with the dancers being Buddhist monks, wearing traditional outfits, doing meditation and Martial Arts/Kung-Fu etc. Together the 2 functions create an unforgettable production with the ritual being the most predominant. Bibliography Exotissimo web log (December 21, 2010) online Why do Buddhist monks wear orange robes and shave their heads? http//www. exotissimo. com/ intercommunicate/buddhist-monk/ (13/03/2013) DVD Shamis Way to Shaolin. 2001. (Live show video recording) South Australia, IMS Entertaining SA.Schaffhausen daybook Snook. B, (2004) Dance Count Me In, McGraw Hill PTY LTD (p47-49) Shaolin Kung Fu History (date unknown) online ChinatownConnection. com http//www. chinatownconnection. com/shaolin-kung-fu-history. htm (date accessed 2/03/2013) The Aims and Objectives of Practising Kung Fu (date unknown) online General Kung Fu Aims http//www. shaolin. org/general/kungfu-aims. html (date accessed 2/03/2013) The Mystical power of Shaolin Kung F u (2008) online The History of the Shaolin Monastery http//www. shaolinmonksinmalta. com/ (date accessed 2/03/2013).

Sunday, January 27, 2019

Leadership Attributes Of Mark Zuckerberg Essay

blot Zuckerbreg was born on 14 May 1984 at White Plains, New York. He is best know as chief operating officer of Facebook. discipline Zuckerberg is a technology innovator, chief executive officer, cyberspace Tycoon and philanthropist who found up multi- champion million million millionaire status by his mid-20s. As the cofounder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Facebook, Zuckerberg redefined the affable media market and committed tribe in vogues neer thought possible. Zuckerberg recently oerstep a list of Highest Rated CEOs from online career community Glassdoor. The list was the result of employee reviews over the past 12 months.Technology SensitionBorn into a headspring-read family in New York, Zuckerberg developed an engagement in computers at an earliest item. He performd his own messaging program at the age of 12, dubbed Zucknet, which his mystify holdd in his dental office. He would arrive at games and programs under a private computer tutor, w ho later told reporters that it was hard to hang in ahead of the technology prodigy. While still in high school, companies equivalent AOL and Microsoft expressed interest in buying his package and hiring him, which he declined. Later enrolling at Harvard University, Zuckerberg developed a reputation as a bulletproof programmer and package developer. He created programs handle CourseMatch, which suspensored students choose their classes based on the selections of their peers, and Facemash, which compared pictures of two students and yielded users to take on who was more attractive. While popular, none of these programs matched to the later achiever of Zuckerbergs development of Facebook.Approached by Divya Narendra, and Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, Zuckerberg began working on a project called The Harvard Connection, a sort of dating site for the Harvard elite. Zuckerberg later dropped let on and began working on his own site with friends Dustin Moskovitz, Chris Hughe s and Eduardo Saverin. This site, which engendered as the fountainbook.com, allowed users to create their own profiles, upload photos, and meshwork with users at particularised universities. Run bring knocked out(p) of a dorm path at Harvard until June 2004, thefacebook.com thrived, and Zuckerberg dropped out to pursue it across-the-board time. By the end of 2004, Facebook boasted 1 million users. The site began to evolve. At depression, it was whole available to certain schools. thank to investments from venture capital firms, the site crimsontually opened up to different schools, then to the general public. Early on, Zuckerberg was turning down offers from Yahoo and MTV Networks.The issue that we are learning to do at Facebook is honest help oneself populate bond and communicate more efficiently, he verbalize. Instead of taking mer heaptile offers (Yahoo reportedly offered Zuckerberg $1 billion), Zuckerberg focused on expanding the site to mould as much value to users as possible. only if legal troubles from his early dealing with The Harvard Connection plagued him, as depicted in the Academy Award-nominated movie The kindly Network. Zuckerberg later noned that much of the story was exaggerated for Hollywood.I comely mobilise muckle attain a lot of fiction, he said. solely the accepted story of Facebook is just now that weve worked so hard for all this time. The authoritative story is actually probably pretty boring, decent? We just sat at our computers for six years and coded. Despite to the highest degree of the negative depictions in the movie and the lawsuit filed by the Winklevoss twins, Zuckerberg and Facebook continued to thrive. He was named Time cartridges Person of the Year in 2010, and Forbes has ranked him at no. 36 on its 400 list, estimating his net worth at $13.3 billion as of March 2013.Transformation from a Hacker to a CEO and then to a LeaderWith Facebooks hold equipment casualty crashing and emplo yee morale sinking, Facebook CEO dinero Zuckerberg stepped up and delivered a home run he would never corroborate been able to hit even just a year ago. Zuckerberg has been under fire the last a few(prenominal) months for Facebooks plummeting stock price. A darling of Wall Street before its IPO, Facebook fell to half(prenominal) its IPO price in just a few months. As a result, a growing chorus of critics has called for clean loss leaders at Facebook. Some defy even called for Zuckerberg himself to resign. Zuckerberg answered his critics at the TechCrunch Disrupt conference. During a big interview with CrunchFunds Michael Arrington, Zuckerberg addressed e actually intimacy from the confederations plummeting stock price to its plans for mobile. By all accounts, Zuckerberg did a spectacular job.As a result, shares of Facebook have surged by 13 percent since then. It is a clear step in the right direction. If we compare his transaction to his previous interviews, we can clear ly suffer the change in his soulfulnessality. He was stumbling during the interview and when he was asked few voiceless questions, he started sweating on stage. The stark naked-fangled-made lolly Zuckerberg on stage at Disrupt didnt look whatsoeverthing like the guy who squirmed at the D Conference just two years prior. No, this Zuckerberg was poised, confident, and voice.He verbalise fast, provided only because he was clearly excited by Facebooks future. Zuckerberg was able to simultaneously rally the Facebook troops and Wall Street with just his words. This is something he would never have been able to do even just a year ago. He wasnt born with Steve Jobs onstage patch instead, he had to work up to the comfort level he exuded on stage at Disrupt. We can witness a smart chapter in Zuckerbergs maturation. He was once a hacker who had to become a CEO. Now hes a CEO whos transforming into an articulate leader, the token a public company with sky-high expectations una voidably.Personal Traits in that respect is one important element which can help or limits a particular person to achieve triumph it is the personality of the person itself. personality basically is the kind of personal characteristics which work on the port as well as perception and attitudes. It is an inner mental characteristic which can non be assume such as emotion and taught. It can be defecate from the influence of heredity, or early childhood possesss. No doubt, personality of a person can be change due to the major life events and by the gradual maturing process. There are many personality classification methods we had chosen the Big Five Model of Personality traits which are the most widely accepted centering to classify personalities and to describe the personality which in fix Zuckerberg. This model has been divided to five major places i.e. Surgency, Agreeableness, Adjustment, Conscientiousness, and Openness to experience. Surgency personality dimen sion includes lead and spareversion traits. distinguish showed his strong surgency as he wants to be the person who is in charge instead of being the dominance of the separate(a)s.Mark did non really accept or commit with the twin Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss intellection which they try to hire Mark to go on a dating, a companionable site which they called Harvard Connection. As a high surgency person, Mark does not like to be the dominance of opposites so he creates the website Facebook instead of working for the Winklevoss. The strong surgency has lead Mark to the success that he is enjoying today if he had chosen to work for Winklevoss, he might still be a petty potato and not much hatful would know roughly him. property of agreeableness includes traits think to getting along with people. Besides that, if a person has high agreeableness, that person might be more sociable and fagged more times with his or her friends. According to Mark Zuckerbergs friends, he is an introverted person as they said he is kind of a geek who feels little uncomfortable around other people.Furthermore, they even speculated that that introverted personality of him had helped him deal with his creation of Facebook. The adjustment personality dimension includes traits related to emotional st expertness. Mark shows that he does not have a profound adjustment personality he created the facemash when he feels upset intimately a girl. Facemash is software where it uses to compare students to what kind of farm animals which believems like unethical to others. This software had helped him in the path of success as this software lends him some liking plot of land creating Thefacebook.com. The high degree of conscientiousness of Mark has leaded him to the way of success, he is a hardworking, and ceaselessly automatic to put in extra time and effort to accomplish goal to achieve success.His freeness to put in extra time to achieve something, such as he uses octet hours to create the Facemash site. So, we can attend to that when he got an objective that motivating to be achieved, he will show his high conscientiousness to work on that aim in piece to achieve success. The high openness to experience in Mark had make a big contribution to his success path, as he is a person who is willing to try and always willing to change. The Facebook which he had launched made a huge change in the connection between e very(prenominal)one in the world.Besides that, he keeps on develop the Facebook which was named as Thefacebook previously, in order to help people to connect, find new friends and share photos. He states in his Facebook account that his personal interest is about openness, making things that help people connect and share what is important to them, revolutions, reading flow and minimalism. Besides that, from the beginning of Course Match until Facebook, the personalities of Mark willing to try and change had helped him to come out with something which can really connect people easily Facebook.Situational lead mienLeadership is the process of the influencing made by the leader to the follower to change them to achieve the organizational goal. Leadership is an important element for a successful leader, as the leader needs to have enough potential and abilities to influence his/her followers to work harmonize to the leaders objective or goal. However, if a good leadership elan is being implemented, it can more or less help the employees to create organizational citizenship. Furthermore, the effective behavior of the leader may in addition determine the future or fate of the organization diaphanously. Besides, for Mark Zuckerberg leadership is basically about creating focus. It is about ensuring we are focused on the right stuff and getting good people in to help build what we are trying to do. From the way he doing things, we can see that Mark is actually quite a democratic style leader. He does not really ac t like a dictator as he is open to take and listen to others opinion and suggestion.When there was some crisis where people started to dislike Mark and said that Mark should be re rigid, Reed the recruiter of Facebook had talked to Mark. She told Zuckerberg what should he do in order to gain the favor and trust from the followers, then he did take her advice and started to get lessons on how to be an effective leader by seeing an executive coach. From the incident above, Zuckerberg shows his high degree of espousal to his dominance or followers ideas. Besides that, Zuckerberg is one of the people-oriented types of leader. He had asked for help from Sean Parker, who is a very talented person who created Napster, but had a self-aggrandising reputation of getting around with bar, alcohol, drugs and always surrounded by girls.Zuckerberg did not concern about his bad reputation but he precious the talent of Sean Parker who is also described as a business artist. In the end, Parker did help Zuckerberg with a lot of things in order to achieve the success of Facebook with the talent which Parker has. Zuckerberg is a good leader as we can see that he lead the Facebook to a greater and successful path. Without having the good behavior and direction in him, Facebook would not able to be success and his followers love to work with him.Traits of Effective Leader, as seen in Mark Zuckerberg officeDominance is the one of the most effective and major trait of leadership. thriving leaders want to take the charge and the responsibilities. Dominance trait set up all the other traits related to effective leaders. Mark has shown a very strong dominance trait as he has always shown this thing that he wants to take the charge and have a dominant personality. As mentioned above, if he had just followed what he was asked to do, he might not even have invented Facebook.High EnergyTo be a good leader, to go places, you must be willing to go further than others have and do thing s others wont. He worked his ass off, did things he was uncomfortable with (like travelling crossways continents to speak to audiences about his vision) and did what had to be done to build his company.IntelligenceNo one can doubt about the intelligence of Mark Zuckerberg. starting signal from very young age, inventing his own software programs, and then getting into an common ivy League university and last but not the least, invention of Facebook, this all shows the very strong trait of Intelligence in Mark Zuckerberg.FlexibilityMark Zuckerberg has shown flexibility in his character. He has always been open to change and has never been afraid of taking new steps and doing something new. Perhaps no Internet businessman has spit in the face of this attitude more than Mark Zuckerberg. Despite Facebooks status as a social networking giant, Zuckerberg and Co. have never shied away from changing the user interface (sometimes in the face of protests) or shaking things up in the eff ort to break new ground. Though not all of his changes have been successful, a surprising legal age of them have stood the test of time and boosted Facebooks following.IntegrityMark Zuckerberg faces critical review for his unconventional leadership of Facebook as a business. Facebook was not originally created to be a company. It was built to accomplish a social mission that was, to make the world more open and connected. Zuckerberg has shown strong integrity in his leadership by remaining consistent with his mission to make the world more opened and connected. He went incredibly far to make absolutely sure as shooting that this mission would not be compromised by maintaining a majority empale of the voting shares of Facebook.Locus of ControlRecently, Facebook has had a lawsuit against them with the Beacon advertizing ashes. after the court ruling, Zuckerberg made a public apology for the system and took full responsibility for the mistake. This shows that Mark Zuckerberg has a n internal locus of control. Instead of blaming some other force, he took control of the situation.Self ConfidenceEven though Mark Zuckerberg seems to be quiet and humble, hes also exceedingly self-confident. He has always had strong faith in himself and in his vision. He didnt let naysayers along the way deter him or bring him down. He is able to persevere through criticism and any obstacles or setbacks because he continues to believe in himself no matter what anyone else says about Facebook. aesthesia to OthersInitially, it looked like Mark isnt that much sensitive to others, as he was accused of exploitation the idea of his class fellows and then acrid them out of the plan. But, since in 2012 he was named as the vanquish CEO and from the feedback that was given by his employers, it became apparent that he has changed himself and had become sensitive to others and their feelings.StabilityMark shows that he does not have a good adjustment personality he created the facemash when he feels upset about a girl. But as this has been mentioned front before, Mark has gone through a lot since he has became the CEO of the Facebook and has brought a lot of positive changes in himself, and stability is one of them as well. He has shown very strong emotional stability at confused places and incidents. He has taken criticism openly and has faced all the difficulties while staying strong.Leadership Grid TheoryLeadership grid theory explains leadership behavior on the basis of two dimensions which are concern for output and concern for people. Mark Zuckerberg is one of people oriented types of leader and He is also more concerned for quality and good work by employees. Due to these reasons he falls in The Team Leader style which is 9.9 in Leadership Grid Theory.Leadership Continuum TheoryIf we have a look at the Leadership Continuum Theory then we can see that Mark falls somewhere around 6th defined trait. He has received a 99% approval rate from his employees an d they have said that they love working at Facebook reason being that what they say and think is considered and it matters to mark. Every decision taken at Facebook is a group decision.PATH-GOAL THEORY.Zuckerbergs leadership style has been in question and will be in question as Facebook prepares to switch its funding to IPO. I believe Zuckerberg is a perfect example of path-goal theory. Path-goal leaders as we know need to lodge their style to one that allows their subordinates to achieve a specific goal.This can be done by being directive, accessory, participated, and achievement oriented. Zuckerberg fits all criteria. Throughout the produce and development of Facebook he has changed his style to continuously achieve their overall goal. To start he began the company as a directive leader providing guidance and instilling the psychological structure that the company needed in order to have constant expansion. It is hard to convey an idea to another, especially if it is one th at could change the way society operated.Once Zuckerberg set the foundation of psychological structure, he could sit back and play a more bridge overive role. Being alimentationative allows for the vision of Facebook to take hold. Currently though Zuckerberg is the best demonstrator of a participative style. Facebook is now self sustaining and doesnt need a pragmatical leader under its ranks. The best way we can see this style of leadership in action is through his own Facebook page. He is before long promoting the need for driven individuals such as himself to work for the company.The Myers-Briggs TestZuckerberg is known to be incredibly confident and decisive in his decisions. When he strives for something he impartes it and stands strong on the decision. This was shown to the many Facebookers years ago with timeline. When timeline was introduced, many users did not like it, but Zuckerberg stuck to his guns and kept it. Along with his decisiveness, Zuckerberg tends to be rob ot like and socially awkward. People that have interacted with him say this because when having a conversation, Zuckerberg is straight to the point. As Time Magazine states, He approaches conversation as a way of exchanging data as rapidly and efficiently as possible, rather than as a recreational activity undertaken for its own sake. He is formidably quick and talks rapidly and precisely, and if he has no data to transmit, he short falls silent. This shows him as being very analytical and specific. Zuckerberg is known to be an introvert as well.He doesnt openly talk about himself and is well reserved. Even when in an interview, he answers the question thats asked, but gives no additional or side information. From the above examples and descriptions, when taking the Myers-Briggs test, Mark Zuckerberg would be an ISTJ (Introvert, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging). ISTJs are quiet, effective, practical, logical, orderly, and loyal. Additionally, Mark Zuckerberg tends to have high&nbs pself-efficacy. Zuckerberg has dominance in his abilities. People with self-efficacy tend to overcome obstacles and work toward a specific goal. Zuckerberg has done this with the success of Facebook. Recently, Facebook has had a lawsuit against them with the Beacon advertising system. After the court ruling, Zuckerberg made a public apology for the system and took full responsibility for the mistake. This shows that Mark Zuckerberg has an internal locus of control. Instead of blaming some other force, he took control of the situation.Theory YWorking for Facebook is not your characteristic job. The word Hack is written on every wall in the building. Zuckerbergs own personal innovation encourages employees to produce new codes to sidesplitter users and attract new one. He encourages employees to constantly innovate and think of impertinent the box. They attempt to eliminate also-ran out of the equation and the programmers mind. The environment is geared to help employees figure o ut what precisely they would do without the fear of failure. Fail harder they are encouraged to fail in a triumphant blaze of glory. For Facebook, the riskest risk is taking no risks(Careers at Facebook).Without complete focus and effort, the employee might never know if the project was possible. Trying new things is always encouraged. This is the kind of effort Mark Zuckerberg put into Facebook to make a huge success. He encourages his employees to put everything they have into a project. This type of support shown to employees can satisfy McGregors Theory Y. Facebooks full support and belief in the abilities of their employees motivates them to give their full effort in a project.Maslows Self ActualizationFacebooks view on recruiting is to discovering return talent and serving our employees seriously(Careers at Facebook). Facebook only hires the smartest and passionate people who are ready to hard and quickly. This could give Facebook employees pride for being the Best of the be st.We expect everyone at Facebook to focus every day on how to build real value for the world in everything they do(Careers at Facebook). This type of emphasis on building social value and create social change through their job can help employees achieve Maslowes self actualization. This personal growth and higher order achievement fulfilment can inspire employees to work harder and innovate. This type of social value can suggest a need for power. Employees want their work to influence others and create a change in the world.MCCLELANDS NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENTIn the early days of Facebook, Zuckerberg was known for his exuberance and sense of urgency. He would get going a companywide lock down to launch a new campus. These Hackathon dour into a party including a keg and DJ in strengthener of the work. Zuckerberg maintains the mantra that is done is better than perfect(Careers at Facebook). They launched features before they are done. Facebook attempts to stay on the edge of techno logy, and is willing to risk flaws and imperfects to stay on the cutting edge. Facebook is less afraid of making mistakes than we are of losing opportunities(Careers at Facebook). This shows McClelands need for achievement. Facebook strives to be on the cutting edge of technology and be the first to develop new features for the site. With each new update to Facebook, they have achieved a new goal while continuing to improve on the site. Facebook does not let anything get in the way of a deadline to stay on top.Five IMPORTANT LESSONS MARK ZUCKERBERG TAUGHT US ABOUT BusinessLesson 1 Be passionate about what you doIf there is any way to create something that hundreds, thousands, or even millions of people will eventually use on a daily basis, you better be sure to create something that you would have passion and dedication in creating. The aforementioned isnt exactly a revelation to anyone, but if you are not genuinely evoke in what you are creating, why would anyone else be? They wou ldnt. Its a serious problem for many entrepreneurs of both young and old. Mark Zuckerberg, however, is one of the most prominent examples in recent history of someone who has the passion. Not only did he care about his project, but he also dark down billions of dollars in order to let his company thrive.Lesson 2 continuous evaluationThere are generally two types of people in business those who prefer to play it by gut instinct and those who break apart every little measurable detail. Both have their pros and cons having a jumble of both couldnt hurt. Generally a person gravitates towards one or the other. Mark Zuckerberg is the analyzer.Zuckerberg always insisted that his employees create powerful analytics dashboards. Their purpose was simple allow him and fellow employees to gauge the interest in newly released features to coordinate their globose domination. While other companies were still figuring out which advertisements could be placed at which spot and generate the most return, Facebook focused on optimizing the performance of the user experience. He wanted to know which features worked and which did not.Lesson 3 Be willing to experimentIn Facebooks infancy, its founder preferred to push out enhancements and never look back. This is, admittedly, easy to do when you have a few thousand users they expect things to change at a rapid clip. But Facebook was different. People relied on Facebook in more ways than most other websites it was a service that connected people to each other. At this point, failure is unacceptable. Still, Zuckerberg preferred the gung ho method of development. He would regularly introduce new features adding the Wall, introducing chat functionality, allowing third-party development, and changing the sites layout.Lesson 4 Be aware of opportunityBefore Facebook, there was CourseMatch, an application that allowed students at Harvard University to compare their conformation selections for that semester. With this, Zuckerber g indulged students desires to know which classes their friends were joining. He exploited an opportunity. Facemash was a similar expereince. It was Harvards torrid or Not for students. These students were interested in knowing where they stood socially in some ways, we all do. And Zuckerberg, once again, saw an opportunity to exploit this as well. It isnt magic.But it does require looking at things in a different way to see things for what they could be, as opposed to only what they have been or currently are. Zuckerbergs ability to notice these opportunities and execute on them gave him the edge in creating and maintaining growths that people believed in. Opportunity exists everywhere especially with the Internet, where the ability to reach millions is easier than ever. Perhaps there is so much opportunity out there that, perhaps, we have become ignorant to spot the most obvious of opportunities. But being able to spot opportunity is an invaluable skill.Lesson 5 Make some thing usefulFacebook isnt simply another interesting website to chaffer every once in a while. It is a tool that millions of people use to connect to each other. People use it for sharing experiences and creating new ones. Most importantly, Facebook does something that no other website has been able to do as efficiently, effectively, and with such impressive scale it creates a virtual environment to interact with your real friends. The 600 million plus members tells us how famous Facebook is. Yet it is this usefulness that makes the company a success. It is a recurring theme that all successful companies build upon. It is also something that many startups dont seem to comprehend. Explaining what makes a product or service useful is simple it is something that people are using repeatedly and on a regular basis. So the lesson to learn is, make something which is a everyday use thing, just like Zuckerberg did.ConclusionIn order to conclude, we can say that Mark has emerged and evolved as an Employee Centered CEO, with a democratic style. He has come a long way to reach this stage with bringing a lot of changes in him. When it comes to personality traits, without any doubt his strongest trait would be his openness to experience and the willingness to always try something new which in result, has kept Facebook on the top among all other social media sites.

Why do Nurses earn less than rock stars?

There ar some reasons as to why nurses admit ahead less than arguing brainiacs. The first, roughly burning(prenominal) one, is to recognise that we argon comparability these two respective salaries on a statistical basis, most be dissimulationvably average such as a mean, or median wage. We mustiness take into account the range of salaries, to suppose how much the data we be comparing is skewed. A nurses salary atomic number 50not rattling vary much, as rate in hospitals (in the same area) impart be similar, only varying slimly for high positions within the nursing profession. This is in complete contrast to what excite stars can imbibe some can earn just $10 an hour, despite enjoying tremendous startularity. Others, however, can earn millions and billions, and whence, this volition mean that the results for pop stars wages forget be skewed, disposed(p) the wide range of salaries. honorarium are set real much like worth is by commercialise equilibrium. Looking at the excavate market, we can see that, erst immensely popular, occupy for an artist breaks precise inelastic people will buy his merchandise even if the price increases quite a lot. issue for nurses, on the former(a) hand, may be elastic, as there are plenty of individuals who are willing to effort and seek employment in that field, assuming that the skills required arent very onerous to come by (to don the profession). On the other hand, it can be argued that return for artists is inelastic, due to the comparatively small numbers of people in the industry. This argument can substantially be refuted by pointing out the hordes of riff-raff and other emotional junkies who pander towards an not able-bodied flight of fame and fortune, and attempt to become rock-stars.However, if they are not famous or are deemed lacking of the talent requisite to earn that label, they will most likely not be counted as a rock star and they will find it hard to levy the music in dustry and therefore their efforts will be in vain, and they will be discounted by those seeking to unclutter their fortune by accumulating and manipulating market trends. Thus, we can see that demand and supply is inelastic for rock stars, objet dart elastic for nurses. If you draw a demand and supply diagram, who will be able to see that the rock stars wages will be unconquerable by a higher market equilibrium than their hospital-working (female) counterparts.Immobility of fag out is another thing which founder towards the supply of the respective professions. Being a rock star is unbelievable to be one of the first or main jobs an individual will undertake in his life. Thus, stars will belike submit other vocational skills ready to be of use if they yen an untimely demise at the hands of fickle fans. This will elevate people to try and become rock-stars as they will be able to find another job later or before they stunner success. Nurses, on the other hand, beat less of a reason to be as occupationally mobile, as their career is more than likely to be a steady, longer one, quite certain in nature. This would mean that nurses would assume to choose to try and stay in that profession for a long peak of time, which may actually discourage some people from becoming nurses. However, the mobility of grind seems o have low impact in actuality as it seems that this would make supply of labour more inelastic and elastic for nurses and pop stars respectively. geographical mobility of labour also seems to have little bearing on the supply of labour.Lastly, there are umteen benefits to be gained from each profession. Rock stars have the opportunity to make millions very quickly, become famous, recognised and more influential. Nurses benefits lie more in the region of pension payments, and possibly the knowledge that you are helping the community. These seem to be the main reasons as to why nurses get paid less than pop-stars.why do Nurses earn l ess than rock stars?There are many reasons as to why nurses earn less than rock stars. The first, most important one, is to recognise that we are comparing these two respective salaries on a statistical basis, most likely average such as a mean, or median wage. We must take into account the range of salaries, to see how much the data we are comparing is skewed. A nurses salary cannot really vary much, as rates in hospitals (in the same area) will be similar, only varying slightly for higher positions within the nursing profession. This is in complete contrast to what rock stars can earn some can earn just $10 an hour, despite enjoying tremendous popularity. Others, however, can earn millions and billions, and therefore, this will mean that the results for pop stars wages will be skewed, given the wide range of salaries.Wages are set very much like price is by market equilibrium. Looking at the labour market, we can see that, once immensely popular, demand for an artist becomes ver y inelastic people will buy his merchandise even if the price increases quite a lot. Supply for nurses, on the other hand, may be elastic, as there are plenty of individuals who are willing to try and seek employment in that field, assuming that the skills required arent very hard to come by (to enter the profession). On the other hand, it can be argued that supply for artists is inelastic, due to the relatively small numbers of people in the industry. This argument can easily be refuted by pointing out the hordes of riff-raff and other emotional junkies who pander towards an illustrious career of fame and fortune, and attempt to become rock-stars.However, if they are not famous or are deemed lacking of the talent needed to earn that label, they will most likely not be counted as a rock star and they will find it hard to enter the music industry and therefore their efforts will be in vain, and they will be discounted by those seeking to make their fortune by accumulating and manipu lating market trends. Thus, we can see that demand and supply is inelastic for rock stars, while elastic for nurses. If you draw a demand and supply diagram, who will be able to see that the rock stars wages will be determined by a higher market equilibrium than their hospital-working (female) counterparts.Immobility of labour is another thing which contribute towards the supply of the respective professions. Being a rock star is unlikely to be one of the first or main jobs an individual will undertake in his life. Thus, stars will probably have other vocational skills ready to be of use if they suffer an untimely demise at the hands of fickle fans. This will encourage people to try and become rock-stars as they will be able to find another job later or before they strike success.Nurses, on the other hand, have less of a reason to be as occupationally mobile, as their career is more likely to be a steady, longer one, quite predictable in nature. This would mean that nurses would hav e to aim to try and stay in that profession for a long period of time, which may actually discourage some people from becoming nurses. However, the mobility of labour seems o have little impact in actuality as it seems that this would make supply of labour more inelastic and elastic for nurses and pop stars respectively. Geographical mobility of labour also seems to have little bearing on the supply of labour.Lastly, there are many benefits to be gained from each profession. Rock stars have the opportunity to make millions very quickly, become famous, recognised and more influential. Nurses benefits lie more in the vicinity of pension payments, and possibly the knowledge that you are helping the community. These seem to be the main reasons as to why nurses get paid less than pop-stars.

Saturday, January 26, 2019

Civil Liberties, Personal Freedoms, and US Law Enforcement Essay

Ameri empennages would like to believe that they hurt emancipations that be available to battalion in no other country on earth. In a very real way, this subjectment is true. We argon free to criticize the great deal who govern us in a manner unavailable in most countries, without expecting retribution. Public access is available to many, if not most regime buildings. The Ameri give notice process of governing is relatively transp arnt. All of these things hurl created a great expectation of granting immunity, or at least casualness, in this country.And yet, the temperament of liberty and freedom, as well as how these thing interact with justness enforcement, are not well understood by many Americans. granting immunity vs. Liberty Although the concepts of liberty and freedom are related, they are not the same. The united States of America, as noted above, allows many kinds of freedom. There is freedom from things, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as absolute political sy mpathies keep of lives and freedom to things, as in freedom to choose a school or a career, rather than having such a thing assigned. Freedom consists of the ability to move about at will, personal liberty, and cultivated liberty.In philosophical terms, freedom is the power to recitation choice and make decisions without constraint from within or without autonomy, self-determi estate (freedom, n. d. ). Although liberty is used as part of the definition of freedom, they are not equal concepts. Liberty, however, is freedom from such things as outside control in an various(prenominal)s personal choices, from captivity, and freedom from arbitrary or despotic government or control (liberty, n. d. ). It can be seen, then, that of the freedoms that Americans expect to have are composed of both freedomthe freedom toand libertythe freedom from. Without civilian liberties, Americans would find themselves facing an increased number of forcible actions from their own government, as well a s potential attempts to infringe upon those liberties from outside.Americans and Civil Liberties Americans have constantly taken their civil liberties seriously. State seals and mottos refer to liberty. The New Jersey state motto is Liberty and Prosperity, while text on the Massachusetts large(p) Seal once read, By the sword we seek ease, but peace unaccompanied under liberty. Patriotic songs refer to the nation as organism the sweet land of Liberty. From the beginning, then it can be assumed that Americans have expected freedom from, liberty, particularly freedom from tyranny. In todays world, the concept of tyranny can take many pass waters. Racial pen is often considered to be one form of tyranny, although it is not always candid to assess when it occurs (Barkan, 2005). explore from the Institute for Public Policy and Social Research IPPSR indicates that Americans largely favor the protection of civil liberties, still when responding after a crisis.However, the degree t o which people are willing to accept changes to policies that affect civil liberty will vary based on race and ethnicity, governmental ideology, the area in which they live, and more (ISPPR, 2002). One significant influence on whether these changes should occur is that of self-assurance in law enforcement (ISPPR, 2002). According to xxxx (2002) citizens with low give in local law enforcement give 6. 7 (out of 8) pro-civil liberties responses, while citizens with check into trust give 5. 4 pro-civil liberties responses, and citizens with high trust give only 4. 7 pro-civil liberties responses. p. 4) These findings are significant to this paper in that the lack of trust in local law enforcement seems as if it is often both the puzzle and the result of the effects of policing on the community.If people have contact with policing agencies that allows them freedom to do something, then they olfactory property comfortable with the amount of civil liberty that they have and may consi der adjustments to that liberty. If individuals in a society feel as if they already have little freedom, then they will needs feel as if the amount policing that is permitted should not vary, at least not by increasing it. New Policing The methods for policing seem to be changing worldwide, faulting from public policing to private policing. These changes seem to be occurring primarily in representative societies, which have looser control over individuals lives. According to Ashcroft (2001), democratic governments can maintain diverse centers of power, whereas authoritarian regimes cannot. Democratization facilitates restructuring by providing political space into which it can grow.As political pluralism increases, so too do the auspices that deprivation to share responsibility for policing. (p. 28) Why, then, are democratic nations more difficult to guard than others might be? The answer appears above authoritarian regimes maintain control of their citizens by coercion and f orce, which does not permit decentralized policing of their nations. They do not have the freedom from, not in many capacities, and for this reason their citizens are not at liberty to act or to decide what changes that the government that can affect their lives. ecause they do not have the freedoms from that Americans have, the government can decide what police actions must be taken, when they will be taken, and what form these actions will take. The reason that Americans are so shocked by such events as the Kent State actions, the actions taken at Ruby Ridge or those taken against the Branch Davidians, is that they appear to be so totalitarian. Americans expect wear of their leaders and respond with words that indicate they feel betrayed and, sometimes, those betrayed feelings result in votes being withheld. participatory nations are so difficult to police because their policing mechanisms are so diverse and are so dispersed. In addition, actions taken against the citizens use u p a reason and a precedent, unlike policing actions in authoritarian or totalitarian states, which need no apparent precedent to act. Conclusion Democratic nations require balance between the citizens, their government, and their policing agencies. Citizens must feel that they have economic value and that they are safe from unprecedented police actions, even from their own government. such nations are difficult to police because only authoritarian nations is it possible to have access to the easy method of policing that involves force. While it is not impossible even for a democratic nation to have policing actions that involve force, they incite comment because they are unusual and frequently cause outrage. Policing a democratic nation is difficult because democracy is hard. To accept policing that negatively affects either freedom or libertyor bothresults in a nation that has few civil liberties, as well.

Wednesday, January 23, 2019

Famous All Over Town by Danny Santiago Essay

A boloney of dupenys struggles of gro deal ong up in Barrio. famed all oer t accept is round a youthful high school password phoned Rudy Medina. He grows up in a Latin, Chicano town called Barrio. He tells us his life and all the struggles he has to case e rattlingday of his life .The family he had was not the perfect family the pay off was having virtually other child that she would then not take address of because she c ared more than nigh herself. Lena was a high school drop out who regarded to be free and on her own, the catch was a hard worker who move to give his family everything, and Rudy was the outcast that neer quite fit in. With his mother creation pregnant and his sister and start evermore working, Rudy neer truly had all hotshot to lecture to. Until that one day when he couldnt take the pain he was touch perception in his stomach while his mother was giving crease over in the other populate. Luckily their was a medic there to vacillate at him. thusly the room went black. Rudy woke up in a infirmary bed, and then Dr. Penrose walked in and t mature Rudy he had a ruptured app shoemakers lastix and was lucky they got to him when they did or else he could keep back died. When released from the hospital Rudy went inhabitancy to a totally disparate family, the sister made her room into Rudys impertinent room estimable for him, the beget was truly trying to gibber to him wish he actually cared and the mother was actually happy to see him and she was taking care of her new born.Then as briefly as everything was trusty it went painful. The mother took a trip to visit her mother and retributory decided to neer hump back she abandoned her family and her live in Barrio. Then the experience got a new girlfriend and go in with her. Lena got a boyfriend named Armando and move in together in a tiny little house. fleck Rudy was up too no good and they didnt know what to do with me, until they decided he would liv e with Lena, it was all good until it turned south. renowned all over town was a very inspiring and pagan take. It makes you think somewhat the life you create and makes you appreciate the life you engender in my opinion. I personally do recommend this book, the first suspender of pages may be slow precisely once you get chivalric them, youre not going to want to put the book shovel in. This book is a story of a family that never fit together. Family is supposed to hold together so to put take this story it made me sad but made me appreciate the family I take over twice as much.Characters and DescriptionsFamous all over town was full of many character that were diffe allow in ever single way. For pattern, lets start with Rudy, Rudy is the one telling us his story reinforcement in Barrio. He is a very boyish man who ceaselessly tired to do his surmount and he was very respectful. He had nothing but love for his family crimson thought they never really cared a bout him or what he did. Rudy is the younger brother and son of the Medina family. He is the intimately important character of the story because he is the one telling the story its all about his life and what he had to go through and how he lived with his crazy family especially his sister. Lena is Rudys older and solo sister. She is the feisty and bad mouthed child. She always feels equivalent the parents are bad parents and she hates living in that house. She dropped out of school as soon as she was old enough too. She usually kept to herself because she never really cared about anyone else because they never cared about her. The dad always hit her because she would always speak her mastermind to him and tell him what she thought. Lena may be crazy and blunt but she is the sole(prenominal) one who took care of Rudy when he got out of the hospital and she is the one that takes him in after he goes to juvy because his mom is out of the country and the dad locomote in with his new girlfriend.She dis standardizedd the way her parents didnt act like parents. The pay off was a man who was a hard worker, and very value for being such a hard worker. He wasnt always the best bring or husband he had anger issues and interior(prenominal) violence issues. He hit Lena and his wife, Lenas mom multiple quantify for either talking back or standing up for themselves. maven thing he always did was make sure they had everything they filmed, he always attempt to make Rudy the man he wanted him to be. He act to be the father they wanted it just never worked out, Rudy wanted person to love and care for him like Dr. Penrose. Dr. Penrose was a doctor at the hospital that Rudy went to when he had a ruptured appendix. The doctor made Rudy feel loved, he would always survey and sit and talk to Rudy and make sure he was feeling very rise up and taught him more or less information on the bones. He was being the father that Rudy had always wanted. Dr. Penrose was a v ery nice and loving guy who cared for everyone no matter who they were or what race.SettingThe condition in this story vie a very important role in background up the entire story. Not only did it add character it made even more intense and real in a smack. The setting in my opinion is the most important part of the story because it gives the reader a feel of where they are at and what they wake up to everyday and what they go through. It gives us an inside to another world we stick never seen before. For instance in the story Famous all over town, the setting is in a lower class Chicano town called the Barrio. Its one of those towns that people who werent from there were afraid to drive by or even go through those streets. The town was full of gangs running a muck, and all most everyone owned a gun. The setting was not the nicest setting to read about but it makes us realize what the characters had to go through everyday and how they grew up.The setting in my opinion was m aking me picture a graffiti fill up metropolis with cocksuckery little houses, run down cars that made inexpensive and annoying sounds when you started them, and little kids running around the streets because their parents didnt care what they did. The setting wasnt described as all bad, they made it sound like a family place because everyone knew each other, so they would all be school term on their porches talking to each other, or the men would come over to Rudys dads house to talk. Barrio was a lower class town that some feared but others cherished it was a home to others and trash to some. Barrio added a sense of strength to the story in my opinion, because you needed to be brave to stay, some grew the courage to get up and leave and others never let. Barrio made the story with out this run down town the story wouldnt have been the same. Chicano Power, in the Barrio.Introduction RewriteCHICANO POWER, it yelled. BROWN IS BEAUTIFUL. FULANO FOR SHERIFF.(7) Automatically when I read this I thought gang members or drive by, something affiliated with gangs or guns. The foundingduction starts off with a apparent law-abiding drunk man, cruising down the street. Then it jumps to the kid driving waking up on his birthday and his father handing him his birthday present which is a chicken killer clapper. The father says when the son looks confused, Fourteen years makes a man, prove yourself.(8) Just by reading that it makes me think badly about the parenting skills and how they raise their children there in Barrio. I personally think the insertionduction works. Not saying its okay about what they are doing in the story but they started it with a negligent son drunk driving then going home to his father giving him a knife at the age of fourteen. It sets the mood and touch sen sit downion of the story and gives us a hit of how much they really care and how they live and what the people are like. If they would have made it sound like a nice sweet and lova ble town, the story wouldnt have made sense.The entire story is about a young boy growing up in a run down city and town with careless parents. It sets up the entire story because it al flying shows us a father let his fourteen year old son drive a car, while drunk and at night time, so it shows us he doesnt care. Plus it shows us the mother is no where to be found, it makes us wonder if she even knew her son was gone or drunk. Introductions are a very important asset to any story, it sets up the rest of the story and it sets the mood and tone of the story so if the intro is bad then we can expect the rest to be the same. This intro was very well put and introduced the story of Rudys life in Barrio very well.Arising IssuesThose dumb birds.Lena scolded. You love them better than your own kids. Naturally, my mother express, back end you sing? Or fly? What good are you anyway?(46) unity main issue that I have seen arising is the mothers carelessness towards her family and house. She doesnt really care for her children she only cares about herself, she keeps to herself and doesnt really care what any one else does. Meal time, my sister pointed out. Not again my mother complained. Dont they ever fill up?(47) She cared more for her birds then her own children. Her and Lena never got along because Lena always did everything while her mother just sat around and didnt do much. She cooked dinners most of the time but complained about it, one time Lena had to enchant her and shove her in a chairperson to sit down and eat dinner with them, because she never ate with them as a family.The mother was the type of mother who wanted everything and didnt want to worry about anything. They sold their house so they could move outdoor(a) and live rent free. Dont you even care? I asked her. No, she say and signed. She then packed her bags and left saying they will blab soon and have a big reunion. Her son was getting into anesthetise on his own, he was on probation, got in& nbsptrouble for defying the argot who bought his house. They tried to find a home for him, they couldnt send him to his mother because she was in Titalian and she didnt even care that her son was in trouble. She didnt win the mother of the year award.Book SummaryIt all starts out with a young fourteen year old boy named Rudy Medina. He was cruising down main street heading home a little drunk. He then woke up and it was his birthday he was handed a knife by his father who was a very hard worker and well respected man. Rudys dad thought since he is fourteen it is is turn to become a man and prove himself by cutting the chicken. Rudy had a different idea, instead of being original he decided to grab his fathers gun and shoot the chicken, which scared everyone, because they thought someone died. That wasnt the best idea Rudy has ever had but it wasnt as bad compared to Rudys mother getting pregnant. Lena, Rudys older sister was not so pleased when she found out her mother was pregnant , Lena thought her mother never cared for her children so why keep having them especially when they barely had enough for the 4 they have now. Rudy stared having some random pains that were killing him, but he didnt say anything because he didnt think anything of it. So he just kept going to school an usual he just griped it out.Then one day at school he or so collapsed he couldnt endure the pain anymore. What luck for him he went home wrapped himself in a blanket and laid on the regurgitate and then his mother decided to have her baby. The father and Lena called the hospital, but the mother kept saying no, because she wasnt going to pay for them, that just to wait for her to be in pain so they legally have to come and its free. The doctors showed up and Rudy or his mother were in pain. Rudys father was yelling at him telling him to stop acting stupid. Lena was getting restless and said what if he is really sick. One of the doctors noticed him and checked Rudy out, he took the b lanket off and pulled up his shirt and pushed on his side and Rudy hollered. Then next thing Rudy see is himself in a hospital bed. He had a ruptured appendix. The hospital visit wasnt all bad he met a new friend named Dr. Penrose. The doctor wasnt just a doctor to Rudy, he made Rudy feel loved and cared for. He would come and tell him stories and just sit on the end of his bed and talk to him, more then any other patient.One day Rudys father came and got him and all Rudy could talk about was the doctor and his father got a little jealous. When they arrived back home Rudy was pleasantly surprised to see that Lena had remodeled her room to make it more comfortable for Rudy to sleep in. She had painted it black and whiten and cleaned it just for him. He felt a little loved for once. That soon changed because Lena and his mother started arguing like usual. They were arguing about all the dirt all over the floor because the mother never cleans and that how the mother loves her birds more then them. The mother started getting tired of everything even the baby. The baby was ready to be fed and she got a little inconvenience because she said they are never full. Rudy offered to do it and she looked at him like it was a miracle. Then bad news hit after all that commotion, the hospital rang about the resound bill, they owed 178 dollars for pills and medication, Lena and Rudy offered to work to help pay it off but the father said no. Then even more news troubled some, Dr. Penrose called and said he had taken care of their hospital bill but the father considered it as charity and wasnt going to except charity.Then by and by on after bigger news came that would shake things up. The parents decided they were going to sale the house and move away to be free and have no worries. While that was going on Lena had moved out and moved in with her Armando her boyfriend, and Rudy was still getting into trouble. Lena was living her own live and Rudy was fundamentally doing t he same. One day the father had great news, but it wasnt good news to everyone. He announced they had sold the house and that they had to go to the banking concern and pick up the check. They went to the bank and received a check for 1,000 dollars, the only happy ones where the parents they were excited to get out of Barrio and move and live rent free.The mother had packed bags and was ready to leave they drove to the bus aim and without any hesitation they got on and said they would chat, they would get together and have a reunion. They left their children with no care in the world. Rudy was very upset he decided to take it out on the ones who made this happen. The bank was his target he got some chalk and crayons and wrote in his finest writing his name across the banks wall so ever would know who he was. The cops showed up and realized he was the one who has been defying public property and arrested him. They then need to find a home for him to go to. They couldnt send him to h is father because he was living with his women, they couldnt send him to his mother because she barely wrote from Titalian, so the final decision was to let him live with Lena, it was all good until it went south. That was the end of Famous all over town.

Friday, January 18, 2019

Death of a salesman explication Essay

This passage on the wholeows us to charter several assumptions ab break the main character, Willy, in a psychiatric way. Obviously sarcasm is a major comp wizardnt of how Arthur moth miller hints to these mental characteristics, but he alike exclusivelyudes to other opinions in the details of the stage directions and the seemingly unimportant lines of choke offup characters.Upon examining the passage on pages 38 and 39 in the book, (25 and 26 in the pdf) it has become distinctly that most of WIllys problems preserve be traced back not to how he raised his induce electric shaverren, but back to his induce childhood.The three key points of Willys youth atomic number 18 subtly accustomed to us in this passage and highlighted with Millers use of raillery. This may just be an opinion, but Willy is pretty weak, and not just physically. In this passage he is seemingly dep end upant on peoples approbation and of seeming important. The irony is that he is thriving off the praise of both his wife and mistress, although the two women could not be be to a greater extent different in their temperament.His wife Linda assures Willy of his handsomeness and his excellent parenting, in her eyes, and The Woman, although her wish are far less sincere, assures Willy of how she picked him of all the possible salesmen This is key because one and only(a) of the main points of the entire play is Willys struggle with the fact that he is indeed not important anymore.This is ironic because it leads us to believe Willy to be this successful salesman, and we soon find that not to be true in the present day of the play. Willys need for reassurance of his importance is foreshadowing his leave out of necessity in his future, and his lack of deserving praise in his future. The Woman, macrocosm more manipulative, sees Willys weakness for compliments and used them to keep him habituated in a way to their affair.In the start of the passage Willy complains of organ ism alone on the road, so what better way to subdue that aloneness than to acquire someone to fawn over him and make him feel replete(p) about him ego. This leads us to assume Willy has some self esteem issues. This concept also supports Willys affair because cheating very much springs from people with suffering self images because of the craving for the assurance of the cheating peoples greatness. This self hate can come from many places but most often comes from something deep rooted like, well, the persons roots.Mothers are important, something about the presence or absence of a mother can make or break those of weaker spirits. Willy being one of those weak ones was emotionally stunted by his lack of mother. Or even lack of any family to establish healthy favorable skills. But commonly in psych cases, a lack of a mother or mother figure results in a perpetual longing for physical connections.In the stage directions Miller illustrates throughout this passage how purely ph ysical Willy and The Womans descent is. The passage begins with Willy discussing his longing for physical contact when he is on the road. identical Willys addiction to praise, he needs the physical contact because he just isnt capable of making deeper relationship connections from his early social handicap.The beginning confession for physical relations is ironic because he describes how he wants it to be with Linda, but it ends up happening with a mistress. This lack of powerfulness to connect is part of the reason for Willys struggle with clout. Willy cannot figure out how to communicate with Biff simply because he is socially inept. This in twist around comes to stunt Biff as well as Willy makes the same mistakes with Biff that Willys stimulate father did with Willy. Willy is haunted by his childhood, his decisions and his family.Miller neer specifically writes how important this is, but he hints at it in one intense way in the stage directions. Willy hearing the flute melody of his father. This flute music narrates the entire play in its own way. Like most people, Willy is terrified of ending up like his father. Everyone is told they end up like their parents and everyone vows that they will be different. But the thick irony is that Willy ends up just like his father, making the same vital mistakes. scarcely as Willys father abandoned Willy as a child and added another psychiatric problem to Willys list of mental issues, Willy abandons his own family in what he thinks is a seemingly innocent act. A clear example of this is when The Woman thanks Willy for the stockings, and then it cuts to Linda repairing her stockings (which she is constantly doing throughout the play).This irony is that instead of taking care of his actual family by doing things like spend money on his wife to replace her old, ripped stockings, he turns his back on them to buy a gift for his mistress. Just like his father he put off the needs of his family for his own nee ds. This may seem right but in doing this Willy demonstrates who he is putting first n his priorities.These issues all lead to some serious mental issues that result in an unfailing bout. Willy is unhappy with himself and longs to make connections and receive praise, but his only way to make connections is physically, which leads to poor choices, which leads to making his longed for connections worse which makes him even more unhappy with himself. nearly people just dont know how to stop the cycle and just work on their communication skills. Miller lays the irony on so thickly throughout this book to show how despite all Willys struggles he continues to do the exact things he is trying to prevent. authentically a tragedy.

Thursday, January 17, 2019

Establishing Strategic Pay Plan

INTRODUCTION The Companies Act, 1956 adds for a variety of companies of which git be promoted and registered on a lower floor this Act. The terce basic types of companies which whitethorn be registered under the Act argon Private companies Public companies and Producer companies PRIVATE follow Section 3(1)(iii),a private company meaning a company, which has a stripped- overcome fabricateing up capital of virtuoso lakh rupees or such(prenominal) high(prenominal) salaried-up capital as whitethorn be decreed , and by its articles a) Restricts the right to transfer its sh atomic issuance 18, if any ) Limits the number of its member to cardinal c) Prohibits any invitation to the earth to subscribe for any sh atomic number 18 in , or debenture of the company d) Prohibits any invitation or acceptance of deposit from someone a nonher(prenominal) than its member, addressors of their comparative. PUBLIC COMPANY Section 3(1) (IV), public company performer a company which a) It non a private company b) Has stripped-down paid up capital of quintette lakhs rupees such high(prenominal) paid up capital as whitethorn be prescribed ) Is a private company which is a subsidiary of a company which is not a private company A public company whitethorn be said to be an association consisting of not less than 7 members, which is registered under this Act no.E e precise public company animated on the commencement of the companies (Amendment)Act, cc0. with a paid-up capital of less than fivesome lakh rupees, was necessitate to at heart the a period of dickens tune from such commencement, enhance its paid-up capital of five lakhs rupees.Where a public company failed to do so such company was deemed to be Defunt lodge within the meaning of section 560. EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION SCHEME (ESOS) Employee fund Option Scheme elbow room the option apt(p) to the Whole clip Directors, Officers and Employees of the Company which gives them a right or social w elf ar to purchase or subscribe the securities offered by the Company at a pre obstinate impairment at a future date. THE MINIMUM WAGES ACT, 1948 ACT NO. 11 OF 1948 1* 15th March, 1948. An Act to provide for desexualiseing nominal paces of hire in certain dutys. The lower limit bribe Act, 1948 is intentional to prevent exploitation of the pass awayers and for this purpose it aims at obsession of negligible appreciate of earningss which the employer moldiness present The minimum ramble of net profits situated or revised may consist of the basic rate of locks to be adjusted correspond to the variations in the cost of living king number (cost living separately(prenominal)owance).It as substantially as everyplacewhelms ho wont rent allowance. The sacrificement of salarys Act 1936 according ,all organisation employing less than one thousand employees must stomach the hires before expire of the seventh day subsequently the last day of issue period and be fore the expiry of the ordinal day in case it employs thousand or more employees . all renderment must be made on lap uping geezerhood . n case of terminated employees all operates earned by them shall be paid before the expire of the second conveying day from the day handicraft is terminates. All wages must be paid in current coin or currency or by cheque or credit in the bank by anterior authorisation. FIXING OF MINIMUM RATE OF WAGES. Fixing of minimum rates of wages. ) fix the minimum rates of wages stick outable to employees employed in an employment specified in Part I or Part II of the Schedule and in an employment added to either Part by telling under section 27 Provided that the appropriate Government may, in compliments of employees employed in an employment specified in Part II of the Schedule, instead of fixing minimum rates of wages under this cla apply for the whole estate, fix such rates for a position of the State or for any specified class or classes o f such employment in the whole State or decompose at that placeof b) round at such intervals as it may think fit, such intervals not exceeding five age, the minimum rates of wages so restore and revise the minimum rates, if necessary Concepts of Wages While evolving, wage policy, three concepts of wages, viz, I) minimum wages, ii) funfair wages, iii) living wages be generally parcel tabooed.These atomic number 18 broadly standpointd on the un debarably of workers, capacity of the employee to indemnify, &038 the general economic conditions prevailing in a country. Minimum Wage Minimum wage is one which provides not merely for severe sustenance of life, but overly for the preservation of the efficiency of worker. For this purpose, the minimum wage must besides provide for some mea undisputable of culture, medical requirements &038 amenities. Fair Wage Fair wage is understood in two ways. In a narrow sense, wage is fair if it is jibe to the rate prevailing in the equ ivalent profession &038 in the neighbourhood for similar work. In a wider sense, it spontaneous be fair if it is read to the predominant rate for similar work end-to-end the country. Living Wage Living wage is a step higher than fair wage.Living wage may be described as one which would enable the wage earner to provide for himself/herself &038 his/her family not only the b ar essentials of life like food, clothing, &038 shelter, but a measure of frugal comfort including schooling for children protection against ill health requirements of essential social ask &038/or measure of insurance against the more important misfortunes including old age. WHAT IS stipend? allowance may be in the form of financial invent backs, discernible services, and benefits received by employees as part of their employment. It does not let in other forms of reenforcements such as recognition and interpersonal relationships etc.Extrinsic Rewards are rewards that an employee receives because o f the demarcation itself, including bullion net income, benefits, promotions and traffic security. Intrinsic rewards come from the work environment and are precious internecinely by the employee. demarcation satisfaction, self-esteem, achievement, growth, and professional and personal development are some examples of immanent rewards. COPONENTS OF COMPENSATION SYSTEM wages transcriptions are knowing keeping in minds the strategic goals and business impersonals. Compensation system is designed on the bum of certain reckons after analyzing the credit greenback work and responsibilities. Components of a requital system are asfollowsTYPES OF COMPENSATION Compensation provided to employees laughingstock direct in the form of monetary benefits and/or indirect in the form of non-monetary benefits known as perks, quantify off, etc. Compensation does not allow in only earnings but it is the perfume total of all rewards and allowances provided to the employees in auth orize for their services. If the stipend offered is effectively managed, it contributes to high transcriptional productivity. Direct Compensation Indirect Compensation Compensation Strategy Strategic salary is determine and providing the compensation piece of lands to the employees that are aligned with the business goals and objectives.In todays combative scenario systems view to undertake special measures regarding compensation of the employees so that the governings retain the blue-chip employees. The compensation systems demand changed from traditional ones to strategic compensation systems. OR Compensation Strategy is the organizations cast for how compensation decisions on the types and aggregate of pay are made, based on the interests of the employees and keeping with the organizations mission and competitive position in the market. COMPENSATION POLOCIES A compensation policy provides general guidelines for qualification compensation decisions. whatsoever emplo yees may grok their firms compensation policies as being fair and in dissimilar and other may have different opinions.The result of these perceptions may well have an effect an employees perception of frankness and result in lower productivity or turnover. cook up miteers. earnings leaders are organizations that pay higher wages and salaries than competing firms. Using this strategy, they feel that they will be able to attract high- superior, productive employees and thus achieve lower per-unit labor party cost. food market Rate it is the average pay that al more or less employers provide for a similar telephone line in a concomitant area or industry. Pay followers companies that choose to pay below the going rate because of a poor financial condition or a opinion that they do not require highly capable employees Labor Market is the geographical area from which an organization recruits employees and where individuals seek employment .Market Rate is the rate of pay estab lished for a benchmark moving in distant of the organization. It is dogged though the collection of pay entropy gleaned from beholds of numerous organizations Forms of Pay tight Pay is compensation based on time worked, such as an annual honorarium or an hourly wage and it does not include pay benefits, overtime or incentive pay Performance Pay is a monetary onetime payment made to an employee, team or the whole organization for achieving results established at the beginning of a operation cycle . Merit Pay is a monetary reward given in recognition of outstanding performance which increases base pay. It may be paid in a lump-sum or added incrementally to base pay.Indirect Pay is part of an employees total compensation package, non-cash items or services provided to employees in return for their role to the organization (i. e. , health benefits, paid time off). some(prenominal)times the costs for the items are shared by the pay STRUCTURE Once suppose outline has been ma ke organizations assume to decide upon the pay bodily structures. Pay structure refers to the military operation of setting up the pay for a stemma in an organization. The exercise deals with internal and external abstract to estimate the compensation package for a agate line profile. Internal blondness, External send packingdour and Individual equity are the most popular pay structures. reflect definition provides the in depth knowledge close to the job profile and its worth. Pay structures are the strong determinant of employees value in the organization.It boosters in analyzing the employees role and status in the organization. It provides for fair treatment to all employees. Pay structures also include the estimation of incentives. The take aim of incentives also depends on the level of job position in the organisational hierarchy. Internal justness The internal equity system undertakes the job position in the organizational hierarchy. The process aims at balanc ing the compensation provided to a job profile in comparison to the compensation provided to its senior and junior level in the hierarchy. The fairness is ensured using job ranking, job classification, level of management, level of status and factor comparison. External EquityHere the market pricing analysis is done. disposals formulate their compensation strategies by assessing the competitors or industry standards. Organizations set the compensation packages of their employees aligned with the prevailing compensation packages in the market. This entails for fair treatment to the employees. At times organizations offer higher compensation packages to attract and retain the best talent in their organizations. indigence is the activation of an energized goal-oriented behavior. It is seen not only humans, but even animals show a level of penury to achieve their goals. People with a spate eer control their destiny and the life they live.If a person is without a vision in life, he o r she is controlled by the will of others and end up living a life not their own, but one that is on terms dictated by others. Everyone takes up a job as they are motivated by some factor or the other. Some are motivated by the challenge they will face in carrying out their job, some are motivated by the level of fame they may earn, others and major(ip)ity of slew are motivated by the money they will earn. The last factor plays a major role in making or breaking a company. People will work fall in when they are motivated enough with the pay scale, the incentives and the perks they are offered in return of a job well done. Introduction to Equity speculationEquity surmise helps place the idea about individuals who think of themselves as over-rewarded or under-rewarded. These individuals will sire distress that tries to restore balance. Equity thus measures the contributions and benefits earned by to each one individual. It is not necessary one require to put in on the dot the alike contribution as the other partner, as long as there is a balance amongst contributions and benefits. Thus, every individual employee feels his contribution and work needs to be rewarded with equal pay. If the individual feels underpaid, s/he will come under distress and feel hostile towards the company. To avoid this idea of hostility, equity theory comes into play. What is Equity?When individuals think their inputs are rewarded according to their outputs and are equal to others nigh them, they are satisfied. But when they notice others are getting more recognition and rewards, in spite of doing the same get of work, they become dissatisfied. This leads to feelings of unworthiness and under-appreciation. This is the opposite of equity, wherein the expiry (rewards) are directly comparative to the quality and quantity of work of the employee. When all employees are rewarded equally, the general feeling about the organization becomes fair and appreciable. The following e quation will help explain what equity is in a clear and concise pathIndividuals outcome = rational partners outcome Individuals own input rational partners input Equity Theory Examples As the main focus of the researchers moved towards employees and their motivation factors, following the Hawthorne Study results, there were many theories put forward to understand employee motivation. The following are the five major equity theory examples that have helped in understanding motivation. Maslows Need-Hierarchy Theory Maslow put forward five levels of needs of employees. These needs included physiological, safety, self and self-actualizing.Maslow put forward an argument that said the lower level needs of employees need to be satisfied before the next higher level need is fulfilled to motivate them. The motivation was categorized into factors by Herzberg motivators and hygiene. The motivators including intrinsic factors like achievement and recognition help produce job satisfaction. Th e hygiene or extrinsic factors like pay and job security lead to job dissatisfaction. Vrooms Theory This theory was based on the belief that employee endeavor leads to performance and performance leads to rewards. These rewards skunk be positivistic or proscribe. The positive rewards lead to a more positive employee ho is highly motivated. The negative rewards lead to obviously a less motivated employee. Skinners Theory This theory states that the positive outcomes will be repeated and behaviors that lead to negative outcome wont be repeated. Thus, managers should try to reinforce the employee behavior, such that it leads to positive outcomes. Negative supporting by managers will lead to negative outcomes. Adams Equity Theory fashion model This theory shows that employees strive to achieve equity between themselves and their coworkers. This equity grass be achieved when the ratio of employee outcomes over inputs is equal to other employee outcomes over inputs.Application of E quity Theory of Motivation When a manager is striving to achieve employee satisfaction, motivation levels, etc. then he should consider Adams Equity Theory. Therefore, he should consider the balance and imbalance that is seen in the inputs and outputs of the employee. When we talk about equity theory, we use the terms input and output. An input is the contribution made on the part of the employee. This input helps determine his/her reward or pay. Some of the inputs made by an individual towards his/her organization include Ability to do his/her job Adapt capability around the company environment Flexibility Tolerance Determination Enthusiasm to realised a task or job Commitment towards his/her work and organization Hard work Loyalty Time given to the company Efforts take to complete tasks as required Personal sacrifice Trusting superiors when it comes to delegating and management Support given and taken from colleagues Outputs are the tangible and intangible rewards o r pay given to an individual based on his/her inputs. These outputs include wages received in accordance to company policy, experience and work done melodic line security Employee benefits Recognition for work done responsibleness entrusted upon an individual Praise received Examining EquityThe process of assessing internal equity cigaret serve to highlight many organizational riddles. First compensation philosophies need to be identified and examined for fit with internal equity adjustment plans. Next, managers need to know whether the organization has the funds to implement such a plan. Questions that managers may need to consider are Is the pay structure properly outlined or is it inadequate? What are employees making in comparison to those with similar skills and equally important experience? How are employees compensated for internally unquestionable experience versus external experience brought with them to the organization? Is length of service cute? What is the turnover rate and what, if any, impact does internal equity have on it? Is the organization unable to attract candidates to a position because it cannot maintain market-competitive salaries? Has the organization needful to increase compensation for a position, resulting in it being higher paid than the same type of jobs with more skills or responsibilities, thus throwing salaries out of alignment? Does the organization have consistent hiring and promotion practices? ESTABLISHING STRATEGIC PAY envisionS misuse 1 SALARY SURVEY SALARY SURVEY Organizations have to bridge the gap between the industry standards and their wages packages.They cannot provide compensation packages that are either less than the industry standards or are very higher than the market rates. For the purpose they undertake the earnings curriculum vitae. The Salary survey is the research done to analyze the industry standards to set up the compensation strategy for the organization. Organizations can e ither conduct the survey themselves or they can purchase the survey composings from a reputed research organization. These reports constitute the last 2-5 years or more compensation figures for the various positions held by the organizations. The analysis is done on the foothold of certain factors defined in the objectives of the research. Uses of profits surveySalary surveys are a consultative tool that employers and associations use to obtain salary schooling that is usable in determining the competitive wage rates needed to attract and retain competent employees. Employers can use surveys in different ways as well as establishing a competitive salary structure, they can use the surveys to support their job paygrade system. When job valuation and survey data are use jointly, internal and external equity are mutually reinforced. The focus of surveys tends to be on collecting base salary information and they can also be an effective means of researching trends in the design o f benefits packages and pay systems. This explains how to identify salary surveys which are applicable to the needs of organizations within the not-for-profit sector, and specifically within community-based agencies.It also provides information on the meaning of some survey terms and discusses the value of survey participation. Objectives of Salary eyeshot To gather information regarding the industry standards To know more about the market rate i. e. compensation offered by the competitors To design a fair compensation system To design and implement most competitive reward strategies To benchmark the compensation strategies Commercial, Professional and Government Salary Surveys BLS gives Area wage surveys Industry wage surveys PATC surveys Private consultants Hay Associates, Heidrickand Struggles, and Hewitt Associates publish data covering fire compensation for top and middle managementTypes of Compensation Surveys There are two types of compensation surveys undertaken by the organizations. Standard Surveys Standard surveys are undertaken by organizations on a regular basis. These surveys are conducted annually based on the organizational objectives. These surveys attempt to cover the same companies every year and provide the same time of analysis. The reports are published annually by the research organizations. The organizations willing to formulate their compensations strategies based on the surveys purchase the reports from the research organization. Custom Surveys At times, a few organizations need to know some specific information.The surveys which issue this need are known as custom surveys. The organizations either higher research organizations to conduct theses surveys for them or they themselves conduct the survey by ingest few of the competitors on their own. These surveys do not have any time interval. They are undertaken as the need arises. Survey Reports The survey reports consist of the analysis and conclusion drawn from the evaluative data based on the objectives of the study. The reports also include the data, facts and figures to support the analysis and conclusion. The supportive data and annexure provided in the report form the basis for the un-biased conclusion and validation of the analysis. BENCHMARK excogitateSA benchmark job is one well-known in the company industry and one performed by a large number of employees. In addition to surveys, there are other ways to obtain compensation data. Some professional organization periodically conducts survey, as do several industry associations. The compensation Survey contains pays and benefits information. Compensation data are presented by worker traits and by characteristics of the establishment. The survey attempts to respond to common question from employers such as What is the average salary for administrative assistants in my area? How have wage cost changed over the past year? How Have benefit cost, and specially health reverence cost, changed over the pa st year?What is the average employer cost for a benefit plan as opposed to a defined contribution plan? Useful Online Sources for Collecting and Analyzing Salary Survey Data This section lists websites which can be useful for managers in community-based organizations in Canada who are seeking salary survey data that is already published or available by subscription or who wish to conduct or commission a survey. Some sites offer information at no cost. Others require payment. Canadian familiarity of Association Executives (CSAE) at www. csae. com Economic Research Institute at www. erieri. ca and, www. salariesreview. com Human Resources Internet Guide at www. hr-guide. com Peter T.Boland &038 Assoc. Inc. at http//ptbaconsulting. com/NonProfitSurvey. hypertext markup language Statistics Canadas Labour Force Surveys are available at www. statcan. ca Toronto Board of Trade at www. bot. com Vault Employer Research at www. vault. com STEP 2 JOB EVALUATIONS JOB EVALUATION line of products rating involves decisiveness of relative worth of each job for the purpose of establishing wage and salary differentials. Relative worth is headstrong mainly on the basis of job commentary and job specification only. Job valuation helps to determine wages and salary grades for all jobs. Employees need to be compensated depending on the grades of jobs which they occupy.Remuneration also involves fringe benefits, bonus and other benefits. Clearly remuneration must be based on the relative worth of each job. Ignoring this basic precept results in inequitable compensation. A perception of inequity is a sure way of de-motivating an employee. Job evaluation is a process of analyzing and assessing the various jobs consistently to ascertain their relative worth in an organization. Jobs are evaluated on the basis of content, move in order of importance. This establishes Job Hierarchies, which is a purpose of fixation of satisfactory wage differentials among various jobs. Jobs are stratified (not jobholders) Scope of Job evaluationThe job evaluation is done for the purpose of wage and salary differentials, submit for and supply of labour, ability to pay, industrial parity, collective bargaining and the like. Methods of Job Evaluation Analytical Methods blame Ranking Methods Different factors are selected for different jobs with incident differences in degrees and points. In the point method, rates assign numerical value to specific job factors, such as knowledge required and the sum of these values provides a quantitative assessment of a jobs relative worth. We will walk though an example of how the point method works. consume job Cluster Let us assume that we are going to develop a point system for an administrative job cluster. Identify salaried doerThe next selects the factors for measuring job value. These factors become the standards used for the evaluation of jobs. jibe Degrees and Define each compensable movers The next term is to deter mine the number of degrees for each compensable job factor. Degrees represent the number of distinct level associated with a particular factor. The number of degrees needed for each factor depends on job requirements. If a particular cluster required virtually the same level of formal education fewer degrees would be appropriate than if some jobs in the cluster required advanced degrees. evaluator must divided each factor into number of degrees. set up Factor WeightsThe committee must then establish factor weights according to their relative importance in the job to be evaluated. In our example let us example let us assume that the committee believes that education is quite important for the administrative job cluster and sets the weight for education at 35 percent. The weight of the other four factor were determined by the committee Job Knowledge-25 Contact 18 Complexity of duties 17 and Initiate 5. The percent total is 100 percent. Determine Factor Point Values The committee than determines the total number of point for the plan. The number may leave, but 500 or 1,000 points may work well. Our committee has determined that 500- point system will work fine Job Evaluation Worksheet (500-Point System) Job Factor Weight 1 2 3 4 5 Education 35% 35 70 105 cxl 175 Job Knowledge 25% 25 50 75 100 125 Contacts 18% 18 36 54 72 90 Complexity of Duties 17% 17 51 85 porta 5% 5 10 15 20 25 Factor Comparison Method The important factors are selected which can be fictive to be common to all jobs. Each of these factors are then ranked with other jobs. The worth of the job is then taken by adding together all the point values. Non-Analytical Methods Ranking Method Jobs are ranked on the basis of its title or contents. Job is not broken down into factors etc. Job Grading Method It is based on the job as a whole and the differentiation is made on the basis of job classes and grades.In this method it is important to form a grade description to cover discernible differences in skills, responsibilities and other characteristics. Compensable Factors are the most important characteristics of a given job, on which pay rates are established and relative worth evaluated. They are determined by their ability to further an organizations strategy and relate directly to the work itself. The four major criteria most often used to measure jobs are skill, effort, responsibility and working conditions. Job Evaluation Process The job-evaluation process starts with specify objectives of evaluation and ends with establishing wage and salary differentials ObjectivesThe main objective of job evaluation, as was studied earlier, is to establish satisfactory wage and salary differentials. Job analysis precedes the actual programme of evaluation. Job Analysis It provides job-related data which would be useful in drafting job description and job specification. Job description provides the information relating to duties and responsibilities. Job specification prov ides information relating to the minimum acceptable quality of an employee Job Evaluation A job-evaluation programme involves answering several questions. The major ones are i. Which jobs are to be evaluated? ii. Who should evaluate the job? iii. What training do the evaluators need? iv.How much time is involved? v. What should be the criteria of evaluation? vi. What methods of evaluation are to be employed? Wage Survey Now that the job hierarchy has been established with the help of evaluation methods, it is time to fix wage and salary differentials. Before fixing such differentials, the wage rate must be ascertained. It is here that wage survey assumes relevance. Employee Classification The last level in the job evaluation process is to establish classification. Employee classification is the process of assigning a job title to every employee in the organization. Computerized Job Evaluations Other methods can be time consuming CAJE or calculator automated job evaluation streaml ines things Simplifies job analysis Increases objectivity Manages data Uses structured questionnaire and statistical models STEP 3 GROUP SIMILAR JOB PAY fall guy A pay grade is comprised of jobs of approximately equal difficulty or importance as established by job evaluation. Point method the pay grade consists of jobs falling within a range of points. Ranking method the grade consists of all jobs that fall within two or three ranks. Classification method automatically categorizes jobs into classes or grades Pay twist Pay Structure is a hierarchy of jobs within an organization. Jobs are ranked based on content and value to the organization.The pay structure includes all the pay rates for different jobs within a single organization, factoring in the number of pay grades/levels with or without ranges, differences between grades/levels, and the criteria used to determine the differences. Pay Grade Pay Grade is a grouping of jobs of the same or comparable value to the organizat ion. Each job within a pay grade will have the same pay range minimum, heart and soul, upper limit. Movement to another grade is by promotions or demotions. Pay Range Pay Range is the upper and lower reverberate of pay rates to be paid for jobs in a pay grade, from minimum to maximum. Movement through a pay range is a result of experience, seniority, training, etc. Broad banding Broad banding is the abridgement of multiple salary grades into several broad and wide ranging grades.Benchmark (or key) job is a standard job from either within the organization or outside the organization used as a reference point for pay comparisons. These jobs have relatively the same job content and there is not much difference in their rates of pay. Hierarchy (or Job Structure )is a ranking of jobs based on their value to the organization step 4 PRICE EACH PAY GRADE THE WAGE hoist The relationship between the relative worth of jobs and their wage rates can be represented by mean of a wage trim back. This curve may indicate the rates currently paid for jobs within an organization, the spic-and-span rate resulting from job evaluation, or the rates for similar jobs currently being paid by other organizations within the labor market..A curve may be constructed graphically by preparing a scatter gram consisting of a series of dots that represent the current wage rate Developing a wage curve involves the following Find the average pay for each pay grade Plot the pay rates for each pay grade Fit the line called a wage line through the points just plotted Price the jobs STEP 5 FINE business line PAY RATE Correcting Out-of-Line order The wage rate for a particular job may fall well off the wage line or well outside the rate range for its grade, as shown. This means that the average pay for that job is currently too high or too low, relative to other jobs in the firm. You should raise the wages of underpaid employees to the minimum of the rate range for their pay grade. PAY RANGES A grade is a horizontal grouping of different job that are considered substantially equal for pay purpose ? Grades enhance an organization ability to move people among jobs within a grade with no change in pay. ? The objective is for all the jobs that are similar for pay purpose to be placed within the same grade ? How many pay grades? A. Number of Jobs B. Organization hierarchy C. Reporting Relationships ? Pay ranges refer to the vertical dimension of the pay structure ? Each pay grade will have associated with it a pay range consisting of a midpoint and a specified maximum and minimum. ? Midpoints correspond to the competitive pay policy. ? Midpoints are the control point of range. The midpoints represent base pay for a seasoned employee. ? The midpoint can be determined as soon as the pay grade strangle are set. ? Find the Job Evaluation point value in the centre of the pay grade. ? Substitute that point value for x in your equation of the pay line ? Solve the equation fo r Y. this value is the midpoint of the range. Range spread is a based on some judgement about how the ranges support career path, promotions &038 other organization system. Range spreads vary between 10 to 150 percent. Once the midpoint (based on the pay policy line) and range spread (based on Judgement) are specified, minimum &038 maximum are calculated Minimum = midpoint / 1+ (1/2 range spread)Maximum = Minimum + range spread x Minimum Pay ranges are a series of steps or levels in a pay grade, usually based on years of service Sample pay grade schedule PRING managerial AND PROFESSIONAL JOBS What Determines Executive Pay? CEO pay is set by the board of directors taking into account factors such as the business strategy, collective trends, and where they want to be in the short and long term. CEOs can have considerable influence over the boards that determine their pay. Firms pay CEOs based on the complexity of the jobs they fill. Shareholder activism and government oversight have tightened the restrictions on what companies pay top executives. Boards are reducing the relative importance of base salary while boosting the emphasis on performance based pay. Compensating Professional Employees Compensating professional employees, like engineers and scientists, presents unique problems. Analytical jobs like these emphasize creativity and problem solving, compensable factors not easily compared or measured. Determining professional compensation presents another question?? how is ? performance? to be defined and measured? Compensable factors focus on problem solving, creativity, job scope, and technical knowledge and expertise. Firms use the point method and factor comparison methods, although job classification is most popular. COMPENSATING BASED PAY MEANINGCompetencybased pay means the company pays for the employees range, depth, and types of skills and knowledge, alternatively than for the job title he or she holds. Experts variously call this apt itude -, knowledge, or skill -based pay. Why Use Competency found Pay? pic CompetencyBased Pay in Practice of import elements of skill/competency/knowledge based pay programs 1. A system that defines specific skills 2. A process for tying the persons pay to his or her skill 3. A training system that lets employees seek and uprise skills 4. A formal competency testing system 5. A work design that lets employees move among jobs to permit work assignment flexibility pic &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- 10 9. 0 8. 0 7. 0 WAGE RATES 100 200 300 400 POINT VALUE OF JOBS Salary Survey grammatical constituent COMPARISONRATE Extrinsic Reward Intrinsic Reward Compensation JOB be INTERNAL EQUITY POINT SYSTEM JOB CLASSIFICATION ORGANISATIONAL paleness MARKET RATE INDUSTRY STANDARDD COMPETITORS RATE EXTERNAL EQUITY Determine Degrees and Define each compensable Factors Identify Compensable Factor Select job Cluster Determine Factor Point Values Determine Factor Weights Validate Point Syste m Object of Job Evaluation Job Specification Job Analysis Job Description Job Evaluation ProgrammeWage Survey Employee Classification ESTABLISHING STRATEGIC PAY PLAN Job Evaluation Pay grade grouping Price Pay Grade- Wage Curve FineTune Pay Rates Tune Rates Compensating Executives And Managers BASIC PAY Short-term Incentives Long term Incentives Executive Benefits/perks Competency-Based Pay Supports High-Performance Work Systems Strategic Aims Performance Management PAY GRADE STRUCTURE 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 100 150 200 250 300 350 I II III IV V PAY POLICY var. Our Monthly salary (000) PAY Our Job Evaluation Points EASTABLISHING PAY PLAN