Human History s Greatest Plague Known As The Black Death

This paper will argue on one of human history’s greatest plague known as the Black Death. By the 1340s, nearly all of Europe was gripped by a seemingly endless cycle of disease and famine. The fourteenth century dawned with a chill and the Baltic Sea froze over during 1306-1307. The cold weather was an unwelcomed guest arriving earlier in the autumn and staying till the late summer. This freezing cold foretold worse disasters. Rain followed up on it and never stopped, causing villages to flood along the Caspian Sea shores, the fields were sodded making crops rot. Moreover, the late harvest made prices surge which forced King Edward II to impose price controls. Things didn’t get any better from there on. Torrential rains fell again in 1316†¦show more content†¦However, before they withdrew the Prince came up with the plan which turned out to be one of the first and most highly effective forms of Germ warfare. The prince ordered his soldiers to catapult the rotte n plague infested dead bodies of soldiers over Kaffa’s walls. These rotten corpses soon tinted the air and poisoned the water supply and within days the people inside the walls of Kaffa began to die. Few surviving merchants hurried and set sail for their home in Italy and tried to escape this plague. Flea infested rats climbed the ropes of the boat and hid in the holes of the ships that were heading to Rome. These ships sailed port to port in their long journey back to Italy but no one would let them dock when they saw that the sailors were dying. The merchants finally reached the port of Messina in Sicily but the sailors were not allowed to enter the city. However, the brief encounter was long enough for the rats to climb off the galleys and set their journey into the city carrying the Black Death into Europe. â€Å"Alas! our ships enter the port, but of a thousand sailors hardly ten are spared. We reach our homes; our kindred and our neighbors come from all parts to visit us. Woe to us for we cast at them the darts of death! Whilst we spoke to them, whilst they embraced us and kissed us, we scattered the poison from our lips. Going back to their homes, they in turn soon infected their whole families, who in three days succumbed, and were buried in oneShow MoreRelatedThe Black Death And Its Effects On Society843 Words   |  4 Pagesdevastating and tragic mortal disease, the Black Death, spread across Europe in the years of 1346-53. The Black Death became one of the deadliest infectious diseases in history. This fatal and rapidly spreading disease horrified people of its time. The disastrous natural catastrophe was only compounded with other setbacks in fourteenth century Europe. Those set backs include, warfare, religious turmoil and peasant unrest. Also known as the bubonic plague, it struck Europe in 1347 and killed closeRead MorePlagues in England: Death Is in the Air Essay688 Words   |  3 Pagesmankinds greatest defect.† Sickness affec ts everyone, no matter where one is from or how one lives. Even in today’s world with modern medicine, sickness runs rampant. If one were to think back to when the only cures society had were rituals, a prime example of sickness in a society is England. Recalling the plagues in England, one can easily see the two prominent plagues that struck, along with how they affected English economy and culture. In the 1300’s, England was struck with a plague calledRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagescircle and then falling down. The nursery rhyme refers to the Black Death, one of the worst plagues of all time (Schladweller). Known as infectious diseases that spread quickly and kill countless people, plagues have had a tremendous affect on people around the world since the beginning of time. The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, is a contagious bacterial infection that has killed millions of people. With the bubonic plague brutally killing one fourth of Europe in the 14th century andRead MoreBlack Death1732 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿THE BLACK DEATH Matthew Brown P.1 April 17, y Around 1339 in northwestern Europe, the population was beginning to outgrow the food supply and a severe economic crisis began to take place. The winters were extremely cold and the summers were dry. Due to this extreme weather, very low crops yielded and those that grew were dying. Inflation became a common occurrence and as famine broke out, people began to worry. The time period of approximately 1339 to 1346 is now known as the famine before theRead MoreThe Black Death Of Europe1231 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch found regarding the history of the Black Death in Europe. It incorporates the beginning of the plague, the way that it spread, and the toll it took on Europe’s population. It answers questions concerning the context of my topic, the importance of subject at hand, as well as the affects it had on the society during and after this tragedy. Concluding this paper answers the final question of why people should know about this subject in the first place. The Black Death was single handedly one ofRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Death1484 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout human history there have been a few events that have caused devastation and irreversibly changed the course of history. These events were triggered not by humans, but by plagues. Plagues, defined as an epidemic with an amazingly high mortality rate according to the Merriam Webster dictionary, have been recorded throughout history, from the Plague of Justinian in Rome, to the Modern Plague of China (CDC). To the common man, all s/he sees is, the plague arrives, kills tens of millionsRead MoreThe Black Death And Its Impact On Society1291 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history many natural events have had a profound effect on mankind, but few of these events have shaped history and culture as profoundly as the Black Death. The Black Death was the name given to the deadly disease that hugely disrupted Europe between 1347 and 1351. The disaster influenced and altered all aspects of European life. This major catastrophe had many later effects, however due to 50 million deaths, people s economic status shifted and these changes left a lasting impact uponRead MoreThe Black Death : Research Due Friday 161707 Words   |  7 PagesThe Black Death Research due Friday 16 Oct Focus Questions Origin †¢ Where did the black death originate o Where was the first known case of the black death †¢ Were there any other milder cases of the black death before the pandemic †¢ What were the other theories as to the origins of the black death Symptoms †¢ What were the symptoms of the black death o What effect did this have on people in medieval times ï‚ § What mental impact did this have on the people seeing the infected †¢ Why were there three formsRead MoreBlack Plague And The Black Epidemic1337 Words   |  6 PagesBlack Plague The Black Plague outbreak was one of the scariest events in human history. The people were afraid to do everyday activities and carry on with their normal routines. This plague is known to almost every person on Earth. Even as a kid, teachers tell their students about this plague. Even the thought of an outbreak like the Black Plague makes people’s skin crawl. I am included in that category. It has gotten to the point that when any outbreak of any type or kind of disease happensRead MoreThe Late Middle Ages Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesfamine and battle. Monarchs with insatiable territorial appetites and religious fanaticism contributed greatly to create instability and war among the people. However, one of the greatest villain during this period was an undetectable foe, named Yersinia Pestis. This bacterium was responsible for the horrific Black Death, which ravaged Europe, Asia, and Africa in the 14th century, killing over 50 million people. In urban centers like Paris and Hamburg, 50% to 60% of the residents perished. All this

Finance Principles That Might Be Useful For This Family

Here we have some suggestions based on finance principles that might be useful for this family. Principle #1 from Chapter #5 Planning ahead: Most people spend more time planning their vacations than their finances. The result can be financial bondage, stress, anxiety, anguish, conflict, sorrow, remorse, and a multitude of other negative feelings, relationships, and experiences. There is power in planning. So, to help them our suggestion is to start planning for future events that would happen in their lives. Principle #2 from Chapter #2 Budgeting: budget is a forecast of your cash flow for a period of time, generally a month. Most income and expenditures recur on a monthly basis. They need to control their expenses immediately, Budgeting is the key of controlling all the debts, expenses, planning how to get out of debt, and save money for financial independence. Principle #3 from Chapter #1 Financial Independence: No matter what their income is, this family could have financial independence if they save a portion of their earnings and collect interest on their savings. However, this is only true if they do not borrow money and pay interest on rented funds. If they collect interest and avoid paying interest, they’ll be able to enjoy financial independence. If they pay interest and fail to collect interest, sadly they’ll be headed for financial bondage. This is why we propose to accelerate the payments of their debts in order for them to be able to save for retirement andShow MoreRelatedInternational Financial Reporting Standards ( Ifrs ) And General Accepting Accounting Principles1360 Words   |  6 Pages(IFRS) and General accepting accounting principles (GAAP) convergence issue began in the late 2000’s. 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Ronak reports a considerable amount of disappointment with his current job. The last few months have brought a lot of change in his life and his attitude towards his job. Not only are the working hours long but also, his boss has started

The Balance Between Customer Service And Resource...

The main objective of nicola is to find the balance between customer service and resource utilization, so at nice framing ,in order to meet the demands of the customer and able to satisfy their needs ,it was necessary to have a good levels of finished stock . This actually meant that Nicola needed to have enough raw materials at all times. Thus availability of a wide variety of stock meant that she actually have an edge over its competitors. In order to use her resources , she used to make little batches of same size frames instead of one at a time and the unused stock was kept for future use .The stock which was not in use does effect her working capital but not for long because of its dedication towards her customers by meeting there demand at all times. Nicola’s business of Nice Framing was to put main focus on the customers , as the business is now growing because of its customer focus service , but the main reason of this was because it has many raw materials and had a wide variety of finished framed pictures in stock to wait for the customer’s choice . Those critical factors includes : 1.) Increasing customer’s satisfaction 2.) Nicola’s reputation has been built because of her reliability and responsiveness. What are the operating objectives of the business? 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A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry Essay - 1343 Words

A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry is a play that displays housing discrimination in Chicago during the 1950s. Housing discrimination was partially an effect of the Great Migration. This was an event during the 1950s that resulted in about six million African Americans â€Å"migrating† from the south to the north, Midwest, and west regions of the United States. This caused the population of black people in major northern cities to increase rapidly. They are then only able to live in certain neighborhoods, which keeps their communities segregated. Clybourne Park is a play that was written by Bruce Norris. It was written in response to Hansberry’s play. In Clybourne Park, gentrification is displayed within the dialogue. Gentrification is†¦show more content†¦The north figured that giving the African Americans jobs would help improve the economy. This opportunity of work encouraged the people who had yet to migrate to do so. Those who did were soon disappointed when they discovered their salary. Yes, they were given a job opportunity, but their wages were nowhere near as much as a white person’s. The second quote, made by Mama, was made when she was discussing the high price of the colored houses in another neighborhood. She stated, â€Å"Them houses they put up for colored [people] in them areas way out all seem to cost twice as much as other houses/I did the best I could (2.i). Hansberry gave an example of enforced racism when Mama was looking for housing in Chicago. The circumstances made it almost imp ossible for African American to leave the slums. One of the reasons they were â€Å"trapped† in neighborhoods was redlining. Bradford Hunt’s article reads, â€Å"Redlining is the practice of arbitrarily denying or limiting financial services to specific neighborhoods, generally because its residents are people of color or are poor.† The HOLC, Home Owner’s Loan Corporation, â€Å"color-coded† maps of the cities show the African American neighborhoods and white neighborhoods. This outline gave the redlined areas the impression of being an investment and insurance risky. The third quote, made by Lindner, was about how â€Å"Negros† would live happier when they were in their own communities. He stated, â€Å"†¦I want you to believe me when I tellShow MoreRelatedA Raisin Of The Sun By Lorraine Hansberry894 Words   |  4 PagesA Raisin in the sun by Lorraine Hansberry there are three major female characters represent three different spectrums of their lives. A Raisin in the Sun a number of social issues are both explicitly and subtly exemplified through out the characters experiences and relationships. First, Hansberry introduce Beneatha who is twenty year old college student with dreams of becoming a doctor in her life. Second, the author mention Ruth as a soft character in the story that wants to become wealthy andRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry2035 Words   |  8 PagesLorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun is a remarkable play written in 1959 by an African American author about an African American family. This time period was in the early days of the modern awakening of civil rights awareness. It was a timely play challenging the then current stereotypical view of a black family by depicting a realistic portrayal of a specific black family with aspirations, hopes, dreams, dignity, and ambition as would be expected from all families regardless of race. TheRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry802 Words   |  3 Pagespositively to the actions of the White Americans. This leads to African Americans conforming and giving society what they want by changing their style of speech and appearance, this is called cultural assimilation. In Act II, Scene I of A Raisin in the Sun, Lorraine Hansberry interprets the concept of cultural assimilation with the actions of George as he arrives and unintentionally interrupts Beneatha and Walter’s â€Å"African† performance. This scene signifies the struggle between trying to assimilate intoRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by L orraine Hansberry1199 Words   |  5 Pagesas a person. Walter Lee Younger is a man that goes through many different character changes, which cause conflict amongst the other characters. Once he goes through his rite of passage, he is able to fix his flaws and mature. In Lorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun, characterization is used to portray that one must experience a rite of passage in order to mature. Walter Lee Younger starts off the play as a man who is selfish and immature, willing to put money before family. He is characterizedRead MoreA Raisin Of A Sun By Lorraine Hansberry2114 Words   |  9 Pages July 26, 2015 A Raisin in a Sun A dream is what a person strive for to achieve success in their lives. Langston Hughes, ask in Montage of a Dream Deferred, â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the Sun?† A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry is mainly about a family dream to do better for themselves. All the characters in this story has hopes and dreams. The problem with that is that everyone has their own individual dream which cause conflict within the familyRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry987 Words   |  4 PagesA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry A Raisin in the Sun is a play written by Lorraine Hansberry, which debuted on broad way in 1959. They play takes place sometime in the 1950’s, a time period wrought with social issues which were ignored by the general public. The play concentrates on the Younger family; Ruth, Travis, Walter Lee, Beneatha, and Lena, the family head. The events of the play take place over the course of only a few weeks, where-in the Younger family is to receive a largeRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry544 Words   |  2 Pages A raisin in the sun is a book that explains the life of a family that is in hard times but some how gets through it. The Younger family is at the bottom of the ladder when it comes to economic status this affects the whole family and dreams and values, but the one thing they are good at are arguing and keeping their dreams alive by being a family and loving and caring for one another when nobody else does. The book a raisin in the sun written by Lorraine Hansberry is about a family that areRead MoreA Raisin Of The Sun By Lorraine Hansberry1581 Words   |  7 PagesLorraine Hansberry, a female playwright and black activist, spent almost all of her life dealing with American racism, poverty, and lack of social mobility. As a person who witnessed the daily struggles of African Americans, Hansberry wanted to expose the hypocrisy in the idea that America was the land of equal opportunity. As a result, in 1959, Hansberry wrote the play, A Raisin in the Sun, which details the Youngers, an African American family, who experienced racism, poverty, and the lack of socialRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry?605 Words   |  2 PagesLorraine Hansberry, the author of â€Å"A Raisin in The Sun†, was born in Chicago, Illinois. Hansberry was the youngest of four children. Her father Carl Augustus Hansberry was a prominent real estate broker and her mother Louise Perry was a stay home mother. She grew up on the south side of Chicago in the Woodlawn neighborhood. Later the family moved into an all-white neighborhood, where they experienced racial discrimination. Hansberry attended a predominantly white public school while her parentsRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry774 Words   |  3 PagesMany can see the appeal of the play† A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry because it is telling how much the Younger family wants the American dream, the better life that each character wants are different from each other. The family wants the insurance money to start their dreams, the money that would not have been available if not for the death of the head of the family. Walter Lee Younger American dream is all about materialism and what he can get right now. He has the notion of a self-made

Western Music History A Study of Baroque Essay Example For Students

Western Music History: A Study of Baroque Essay Music, much like most of what human beings have declared to be a form of art, has gone through thousands of years of evolution that it now no longer resembles much of what its pioneers intended to be. Indeed, the definition of music in itself along with its performance and significance may vary according to different cultures and social contexts. It is this ambiguity that has allowed music to traverse not only physical boundaries but also to build bridges between gaps, whether it be culturally or even through a metaphysical period of time and space. It was, however, not always o black-and-white during the days of early musical revolution; it was even less of the case when it came to classical music. For the remainder of this thesis, I would like to bring attention to four composers who I felt not only helped music evolve in terms of style, but also change the way the world will look at them, forever. First, let us begin by defining what the various styles of classical music is, as well as their evolutions. Early Western classical music is divided into medieval, renaissance and baroque, the last of which is where this thesis will be delving into first before going along the timeline. Mozart and Beethoven biographer Maynard Solomon has said that while the arguably two most famous composers of all time have helped popularize classical music amongst the general masses through various means of media, it is without a doubt that without the likes of Bach and his peers, there would have been no Gustavo Mailer or Richard Strauss. That would take place centuries after most of these composers have passed on. Nevertheless, how exactly did the composers of back then affect not only music, but people in general now? Richard Tarsuss from the University of California argued that John Adams opera The Death f Cliffhanger was romanticism terrorists, and Australian-American composer Melissa Dungy has been frowned upon for using wordings from controversial speeches against neo-Baroque styled music for politically charged pieces. Did classical music really have a hand in the political or socio-economic scene of their time period? Let us take a look. Going not only in chronological order but also in terms of musical evolution, the first to come up would be a man known the world over by his last name: Johann Sebastian Bach. Such is the legacy of the man that after over 200 years of his death, his middle ND surname would be taken as the stage name of rock/metal band Skid Rows frontal. While most people would assume a composer is merely someone who sits at a piano, Bach was in reality an organist, harpsichordist, violist and violinist. A pioneer of the Baroque period, Bach began musical tutelage under his father, a Western Music History: A Study of Baroque and Classical Period Music By Samisens young Johann Sebastian had to live with his brother Johann Christopher from the tender young age of 9 after his parents had passed away. Through his brother, who has an organ player in church and had himself studied under Johann Peaceable, Bach began learning the clavichord before being given a scholarship to study music at the age of 14. This would later prove invaluable as it exposed him to a wider aspect of European culture, whilst rubbing shoulders with the sons of noblemen. Once free from his studies at SST. Michaels School in Lundeberg, Bach came into the employment of several churches and even one Duke Johann Ernst from Whimper. His dissatisfaction with his employers led him to seek a Job at SST. Ballasts, where not only did he have better working conditions, but it is also where e met his future wife Maria Barbara Bach. After convincing the church and city government to renovate the organ at the church, he in turn wrote his first hit Got sit mien K ¶nigh, Bow71- for the inauguration of the new council. In 1723, Bach began to get seriously busy and began rewriting his and other composers composition, this is a common practice in those days, it is known that Bachs technique of imitating and improvising is nearly as creative as an original composition. It was between 1722 and 1742 when Bach would write The Well-Tempered Clavier to demonstrate a technique ladled equal temperament, which meant that all adjacent notes will have an identical frequency ratio, and doing so in all 24 major and minor keys. Due to this, most classically trained pianists can find their way between an F# and a b, which are two different notes although they are the same inharmoniously. Indeed, after his death, Beethoven called Bach the original father of harmony'(Schuster, 1903). Through the history of the United States there hav EssayIt should be noted that his funeral was a grand affair, with entrance being restricted to ticket holders, as well as Mozart Requiem being Chopin was known for employing a rubout style of playing into his work, a style that was also prevalent in the works of Mozart before him. Fellow Romantic era composer Robert Schumann also noted that Chopin had a strong sense of Polish nationalism in IM; he once said in a review of Chopping concertos in 1836 that Now that the Poles are in deep mourning , their appeal to us artists is even stronger if the mighty autocrat in the north could know that in Chopping works, in the simple strains of his mazurka, there lurks a dangerous enemy, he would place a ban on his music. Chopping works are cannon buried in flowers! (Schumann, 1988). Last but not least, the composer who is considered to have bridged the gap between late 19th century and early 20th century Western classical music: Claude Debuss y. Along with fellow composer Maurice Ravel, Debussy was one of the most prominent and influential composers of Impressionist music. Hailing from France, Debussy is the only one of the four composers Vive mentioned that came from a non-musical background; his father owned a shop which sold china and crockery, and his mother was a seamstress. He began taking violin lessons at the age of seven, who in turn drew the attention of supposed Chopin student Marie Matt © De Belleville. At the age of 10, he enrolled in the Paris Conservatoire, where he spent 11 years studying and truck up a friendship with fellow student Isadora Philipp, who after Debussy death would be asked for advice on how to play his pieces. Although he played pieces by Beethoven, Schumann and Chopin in public, Debussy did not like to conform to the teachings of the Academy, instead using dissonance techniques and intervals which were considered unorthodox. Perhaps much too far ahead for his time, Debussy became very close to the patroness of famous Russian composer Tchaikovsky, who in turn regarded Debussy work as lacking unity. After exposure to late composer Richard Wagers work, he then set about working on his style: a sensory component to his music and striking harmonies. His initial works, including the now famous Claim De Lune, shows his usage of Parthian modal composition as well as scales not usually employed in the style of music in that day and age. His usage of parallel chords, whole-tone and pentatonic scales as well as unprepared modulations would be essential to Jazz music decades later. He also drew inspiration from other forms of art, such as literature and even from something as odd as mathematics. Indeed, he myself described his composition set of 12 piano à ©tudes simply titled ?à ©tudes as a warning to pianists not to take up the musical profession unless they have remarkable hands. Claude Debussy died of rectal cancer on 25 March 1918, occurring whilst bombs rained down on Paris during World War l. His influence amongst classical composers such as B ©la Bart ¶k, Igor Stravinsky and George Gershwin notwithstanding, he also reached the hearts and minds of Jazz composers such as Miles Davis, Theologies Monk, Duke Elongating and Herb Hancock. Models, and because Miles was influenced by Debussy, who was influenced by Wilhelm Wagner, who in turn was influenced by Mozart, does that make Mozart the belligerent of vulgar words and music? Studies have indicated that toddlers that listen to the works of Mozart in their sleep are more likely to develop a high Q, although this is still inconclusive. Theres been no proof that any of these composers, although in the employment of nobility and people with clout in the political scene, have had a direct hand in influencing what it was back then, and what it is today. We can, however, still argue as to whether or not Western classical music is any good; in which case I would like to point out that from its humble fledgling time circa the 1 sass, it still survives till now. Now that is something worth looking up. Bibliography 1. List, F. And Birdhouse,J. 1913. Life of Chopin. London: W. Reeves. 2. Rose, S. 2011. The musician in literature in the age of Bach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3. Schuster, B. 1903. Die Musk. Berlin: M. Hess. 4. Solomon, M. 1995. Mozart. New York, NY: HarperCollinsPublishers. 5. Villas, L. , Obrien, M. And Obrien, G. 1973. Claude Debussy, his life and works. New York: Dover Publications.

Aircel Case Study Essay Example For Students

Aircel Case Study Essay ACKNOWLEDGEMT The successful culmination of any project is due to the multi faced help directly or indirectly rendered by various people during the execution of the project. I express my foremost gratitude to AIRCEL DISHNET COMPANY Ltd Jammu branch ,and Collage of management, School of business, for providing me an opportunity to gather information for my project. AT DISHNET WIRELESS LTD. AIRCEL The people who actually facilitated this piece of study, taught me the corporate culture and in the same breath taught me how to deal with man power, I owe the growth in my learning curve to these people: Company Guide – Dishnet Wireless ltd, Aircel I would like to acknowledge my obligations to MR. SURANDER KATARIA (Head HR- NORTH) Dishnet Wireless Ltd, Aircel bank for granting me the permission for the project work. Mr. MILAN (Asst Manager HR Deptt) From the first day of my induction, he has been there throughout to facilitate my work ensuring that my work tenure was smooth. Mr. SHAMEEN MOHAMAD ( HEAD OF VAS ) I am highly indebted to my Project guide or Mentor Mr. SHAMEEN under whom we done the work and for his warm and constant guidance . I express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to him. Last but not the list I wish my gratitude to the person who directly or indirectly help me to complete my project. Thanks Chetan Sharma PREFACE Master of Business Administration is a course, which combines both theory and its applications as its contents of study in the field of management. As part and parcel of this course, every aspirant has to undergo an ‘in – company training’ in an organization. The purpose of this training is to expose the student of management sciences with real life situations existing in the organization and to provide an insight into the various functions who can visualize things what they have been taught in classrooms. Actually, it is the life force of management. It is in practical training that the effectiveness of management itself is realized. I was fortunate enough to do my training in AIRCEL DISHNET LTD. As a complementary to training, every trainee has to prepare and submit a report on the working of the organization. This report is in continuation of that tradition. It is an attempt to present an account of practical knowledge and observations gathered during the training. Chetan Sharma DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project report on â€Å"VALUE ADDED SERVICE IN AIRCEL pvt. ltd. is written and submitted by me to ____________________________________towards the fulfillment for the study of MBA. This project is based on my knowledge and database gained from the company. The report written is original work of me. The contents provided are true to the best of my knowledge and belief. I further declare that, this project report is not been copied and submitted to any other university for any other degree, or requirement course. Chetan Sharma 2008 MBE 05 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ? About telecom sector in India. ? Basic structure of Indian telecom. 2. COMPANY PROFILE ? AIRCEL in Delhi ? Value added service ( VAS ) 3. ABOUT THE PROJECT ? Targets and Tasks Assigned 4. RESEACH METHODOLOGY ? PROBLEM DEFINATION ? RESEARCH DESIGN ? Type of research design ? Method of collection data ? Scaling technique ? Sampling technique ? Field work 5. METHODOLOGY DATA Analysis 6. FINDINGs 7. RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS 8. ANNEXURES 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION TELECOMMUNICATION The word telecommunication was adapted from the French word telecommunication. It is a compound of the Greek prefix tele-, meaning far off, and the Latin communicare, meaning to share. Telecommunication is the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. In modern times, this process almost always involves the sending of electromagnetic waves by electronic transmitters but in earlier years it may have involved the use of smoke signals, drums or semaphore. Today, telecommunication is widespread and devices that assist the process, such as the television, radio and telephone, are common in many parts of the world. There is also a vast array of networks that connect these devices, including computer networks, public telephone networks, radio networks and television networks. Computer communication across the Internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging, is just one of many examples of telecommunication. The basic elements of a telecommunication system are: †¢ a transmitter that takes information and converts it to a signal for transmission †¢ a transmission medium over which the signal is transmitted †¢ a receiver that receives and converts the signal back into usable information Often telecommunication systems are two-way and devices act as both a transmitter and receiver or transceiver. For example, a mobile phone is a transceiver. Telecommunication over a phone line is called point-to-point communication because it is between one transmitter and one receiver, telecommunication through radio broadcasts is called broadcast communication because it is between one powerful transmitter and numerous receivers. A collection of transmitters, receivers or transceivers that communicate with each other is known as a network. Digital networks may consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user. An analogue network may consist of one or more switches that establish a connection between two or more users. For both types of network, a repeater may be necessary to amplify or recreate the signal when it is being transmitted over long distances. This is to combat attenuation that can render the signal indistinguishable from noise. The shaping of a signal to convey information is known as modulation. Modulation is a key concept in telecommunications and is frequently used to impose the information of one signal on another. Modulation is used to represent a digital message as an analogue waveform. This is known as keying and several keying techniques exist — these include phase-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, amplitude-shift keying and minimum-shift keying. Bluetooth, for example, uses phase-shift keying for exchanges between devices. HISTORY OF GSM The Group Special Mobile (GSM ) was created in 1982 by European Conference of postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) with the objective of developing a standard for a mobile telephone system that could be used across Europe. In 1989, GSM responsibility was transferred to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). The phase I of the GSM specifications were published in 1990. The first GSM network was launched in 1991 by Radiolinja in Finland. By the end of 1993, over a million subscribers were using GSM phone networks The growth of cellular telephone systems started in the early 1980s, particularly in being operated by 70 carriers across 48 countries. The Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Group Special Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. GSM service is used by over 2 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories. The ubiquity of the GSM standard makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the world. From the point of view of the consumers, the key advantage of GSM systems has been higher digital voice quality and low cost alternatives to making calls such as the Short Message Service (SMS). The advantage for network operators has been the ability to deploy equipment from different vendors because the open standard allows easy inter-operability. Like other cellular standards GSM allows network operators to offer roaming services which mean subscribers can use their phones all over the world. GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. GSM networks operate in four different frequency ranges. Most GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Some countries in the Americas (including the United States and Canada) use the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands because the 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands were already allocated. pic]The GSM logo is used to identify compatible handsets and equipment. There are four different cell sizes in a GSM network †¢ macro †¢ Micro †¢ Pico †¢ Umbrella cells. The coverage area of each cell varies according to the implementation environment. Macro cells can be regarded as cells where the base station antenna is installed on a mast or a building above average roof top level. Micro cells are cells whos e antenna height is under average roof top level; they are typically used in urban areas. Pico cells are small cells whose diameter is a few dozen meters; they are mainly used indoors. Umbrella cells are used to cover shadowed regions of smaller cells and fill in gaps in coverage between those cells. The network behind the GSM system seen by the customer is large and complicated in order to provide all of the services which are required. It is divided into a number of sections and these are each covered in separate articles. †¢ The Base Station Subsystem (the base stations and their controllers). †¢ The Network and Switching Subsystem (the part of the network most similar to a fixed network). This is sometimes also just called the core network. †¢ The GPRS Core Network (the optional part which allows packet based Internet connections). All of the elements in the system combine to produce many GSM services such as voice calls and SMS ] Subscriber identity module(SIM) One of the key features of GSM is the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), commonly known as a SIM card. The SIM is a detachable smart card containing the users subscription information and phonebook. This allows the user to retain his or her information after switching handsets. Alternatively, the user can also change operators while retaining the handset simply by changing the SIM. Some operators will block this by allowing the phone to use only a single SIM, or only a SIM issued by them; this practice is known as SIM locking, and is illegal in some countries. In the United States, Canada, Europe and Australia, many operators lock the mobiles they sell. This is done because the price of the mobile phone is typically subsidised with revenue from subscriptions and operators want to try to avoid subsidising competitors mobiles. A subscriber can usually contact the provider to remove the lock for a fee, utilize private services to remove the lock, or make use of ample software and websites available on the Internet to unlock the handset themselves Some providers will unlock the phone for free if the customer has held an account for a certain period. Third party unlocking services exist that are often quicker and lower cost than that of the operator. In most countries removing the lock is legal. In countries like India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Belgium, etc. , all phones are sold unlocked. However, in Belgium, it is unlawful for operators there to offer any form of subsidy on the phones price. This was also the case in Finland until April 1, 2006, when selling subsidized combinations of handsets and accounts became legal though operators have to unlock phone free of charge after a certain period (at most 24 months). CHANGES WITH THE CHANGING TECHNOLOGY Technological changes in telecommunications and computers have radically changed the business scenario. In turn, the new demands of business have spurred many telecom-based technological innovations. In order to exploit these innovations for competing in global markets, the business community the world over has been putting pressure on governments to revise the policy, regulation, and structure of the telecom sector. Several Countries across the world have responded by restructuring the state-controlled telecom service provider, increasing private participation, and deregulating service provision. The emergent organizations have attempted to be more responsive to the business needs and have evolved mechanisms to remain competitive even under tremendous pressures. Over the past several years, developing countries have also recognized the important role a responsive, business-oriented, and technologically advanced telecom sector plays in the growth of the economy. Many developing countries now see the constraints of estate monopoly in telecom as standing in the way of a response to the twin challenges of spurring internal growth and competing in an increasingly global economy. Past experience of reform across many countries suggests that the fundamental issue that must be addressed in telecom reform is effective separation of the basic functions of policy making, operational management, and regulation ITU Report 1989). The Second level of consideration is access to capital and human resources. The third level of concern is the introduction of competition for efficiency. Competitions perhaps more important than right ownership, if ever there was anything like it, in bringing about efficiency. The Indian telecom sector was wholly under government ownership until 1984, and was characterized by underinvestment, outdated equipment, and growth well below the potential of the market. In the mid-1980s, telecom was included by the government as a part of the so-called . Technology Missions a set of dedicated, welfare-oriented, and well focused programmes then implemented at national level. The DoT and the Precursor to Reform In one of the earliest steps towards reforms and boosting indigenization efforts, the government set up the Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) in 1984 with the objective of initiating and managing research in the switching and transmission segments. Subsequently, the government separated the Department of Post and Telegraph in 1985 by setting up the Department of Post and the Department of Telecommunications. In 1986 two new public sector corporations. The Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) and the Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL). were set up under the Department of Telecommunications (DoT). The MTNL, which was carved out of the Dot, took over the operation, maintenance, and development of telecom services in Bombay and New Delhi. The VSNL was set up to plan, operate, develop, and accelerate international telecom services in India. The government created the corporate organizations in orderto allows decision making autonomy and flexibility and facilitates public borrowings that would not have been possible under a government framework. However, policy formulation, regulation, and several key decision areas remained with the DoT. A new organization, the Telecom Commission, was created in 1989 with a wide range of executive, administrative, and financial powers to formulate and regulate policy and prepare the budget for the DoT. The Telecom Commission had four full-time members’ managing technology, production, services, and finance and four part-time members representing the Planning Commission, Department of Finance, Department of Industry, and Department of Electronics. The creation of the MTNL, its subsequent operations, and the relationship of the personnel employed in the MTNL to their counterparts in the DoT raised questions about the organizational structure most suited for this sector. Therefore, in 1991, upon government initiative, the high-powered Athreya Committee submitted a report on the appropriate organizational structures for this sector. The report recommended: ? Placing both policy and regulatory mechanisms under the Telecom Commission. ? Breaking up of the DoT into zonal corporations under the government. Setting up of a corporation, initially in the public sector, to handle the long-distance network. ? Allowing value-added services (VASs) to be provided by the private sector. ? Indicating general liberalization in production of equipment giving autonomy to R and training institutions. ? Subsequently, other studies for reforms had been commissioned, but in the absence of public debate, and employee and union concerns regarding the c onsequences of implementation. ? The government did not formally adopted any report.. Since 1997, there were several statements in the media by key decision makers and the Communications Minister calling for corporatization of the DoT. However, there was very little public information or debate regarding the sequence of decisions leading to corporatization or the form of corporate structure. ? Since 1995, there was increasing pressure from international organizations such as the WTO to review the monopoly status of theVSNL and the Dot’s monopoly in international long-distance communication respectively. The government had undertaken to ? Review the monopoly status of the VSNL in 2004 and the possibility of opening of long distance in 1999. ? The VSNL continued to have a monopoly over international telecom and broadcast transmission. It had planned to enter the long-distance market but the DoT hampered its plans. In 1999, the government created the Department of Telecom Services (DTS), who’s Secretary was appointed from the Indian Telecom Services (ITS) cadre, and the DoT from the erstwhile the DoT, who’s Secretary was appointed from the Indian Administrative Services (IAS). This was done ostensibly to separate the service provision component (DTS) from that of policy making (DoT). In reality this was to accommodate the conflict caused by the government’s decision to appoint a Secretary to the department from the IAS, as DoT employees wanted the Secretary to be from the ITS. When the DTS Secretary retired, the government appointed an IAS officer in his place, which again led to agitation and further bifurcation of the DTS into the Department of Telecom Operations (DTO) and DTS. The DTS was to be headed by an IAS officer responsible for the MTNL, VSNL, Telecommunications Corporation of India Limited (TCIL), Indian Telephone Industries Ltd. (ITI), and Hindustan Teleprinters Limited (HTL) as well as for formulating the strategy for corporatization. The DTO was responsible for managing the telecom network. ? The government’s view has been that a person from outside the ITS cadre would be better able to oversee the corporatization of ? the DoT since in the past senior management of the erstwhile DoT, mostly from the ITS, had resisted any kind of change ? ? Although an outsider Secretary was ostensibly to facilitate corporatization, it is not clear how, without the requisite mandate from the employees and especially the senior managers, he/she would be able to lead such a major task. This is not to say that the ITS cadre was better equipped to handle this task. What was missing was an overall strategy and an indication of the direction of change to inform the administrative changes. The government seemed to view corporatization as an administrative decision rather than a process. The Athreya Committee report as well as subsequent reports on restructuring may be viewed as the initiation of a process of ? examining organizational options. The reports, however, did not accord due attention to the need for autonomy in financial and ? Operational decision making. Management incentives that would have allowed these organizations to increase profitability and raise capital from markets had been only very sketchily outlined Thus access to capital would have been a problem. ? Besides the limitations, the suggested changes were superficial since most . estructured. Organizations showed too much of a ? Control and rule orientation and continued to work in much the same manner as before. ? Inability of top management and political executives to address the need to make the DoT more competitive could be cited as a failure. Given the large base of employees who had been entrenched in a typical bureaucratic mode of functioning providing ? Customer orientation and a commercial approach were, and continue to be, the most difficult tasks. The DoT had no specific training policy in this regard. Great Gatsby And Citizen Kane EssayCellular Service Providers As on Apr 2007 India has 167 million mobile phone subscribers. Out of this 125 million are GSM users and 41 million CDMA users. BSNL, Bharti Airtel, Hutch, Idea, Aircel, Spice and MTL are the main GSM providers in India. Reliance Communications and Tata Indicom are the main CDMA providers in India. Bharti Airtel Airtel is providing cellular services in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Goa, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, UP and West Bengal. Airtel is the No. 1 cellular service provider in India using GSM technology. Airtel has 23% market share in India with a total subscriber base of 38 million. Reliance Communications Reliance has both CDMA and GSM networks and total subscriber base of 29 million or 17% market share. It has GSM network in Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Kolkata, North East, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal. Reliance has CDMA networks in other states and cities. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) BSNL is a state owned telecom company which has GSM presence in almost every cities and towns. BSNL has 27 million subscribers with a market share of 16%. Tata Indicom Tata Indicom is a main CDMA provider in India with 16 million subscribers all over India. Tata Indicom has presence in almost every states and cities in India Airtel has more than 100 million subscribers and BSNL has half as much. But, BSNL’s revenues was more than Airtel’s until now. For the first time Airtel has surpassed BSNL to become country’s number one telecom operator in terms of subscribers and revenues. There is a drop of 0. 4% in BSNL’s revenues when compared with the previous fiscal year. Airtel has increased its revenues by 39. 8%   a very impressive growth. BSNL did not face the heat until now as the revenues weren’t dipping. That doesn’t hold good any more and it has to buck up or revamp before it turns into an Air India. BSNL doesn’t have the same kind of excuses of Air India as it operates in a lucrative telecom market. The other operator which has seen a drop in revenues is MTNL. This is in spite of all the 3G spectrum and the leg-up both BSNL and MTNL got from the government. Giving subsidies and special treatment doesn’t work after all. Reliance saw a decent growth of 23. 1% and its revenues are 22341 crores. It is 3rd in line. The best growth in revenues was by IDEA Cellular at 50. 7%. Airtel and Reliance are the 2 India based operators to feature in the top 20 telecom operators by subscribers. Top 10 telecom service providers by revenues : | |Operator |Revenues |Revenues Revenues |Growth % | |Rank | |2006-07 |2007-08 |2008-09 | | |1 |Bharti Airtel |17888 |26436 |36962 |39. 8 | |2 |BSNL |40135 |35296 |35167 |-0. 4 | |3 |Reliance |14468 |18638 |22341 |23. 1 | |4 |Vodafone |10565 |15477 |22224 |43. 6 | |5 |IDEA Cellular |4413 |6720 |10125 |50. | |6 |Tata Comm |8857 |8263 |9963 |20. 6 | |7 |TTSL |5178 |5993 |6739 |12. 4 | |8 |MTNL |4923 |4729 |4487 |-5. 1 | |9 |Aircel |1507 |2528 |3425 |35. 5 | |10 |TTML |1422 |1730 |1323 |7. 8 | MARKET STRUCTURE OF TELECOM INDIA Telecom in delhi In our state developmental challenges are many and almost every sector needs a special attention and package to grow. Since unprecedented progress in technology has made telecom sector one of the engines of growth, we want to see this sector progress to register increasing momentum in the growth of economy on all fronts. Every one percent growth in tele-density is accompanied by 3% growth in Gross Domestic Product and sometimes this growth has been reported above 5% in some surveys conducted in developing nations. The tele-density the number of phones per 100 of population in fact is the very important indicator adopted for measuring the performance of this sector and in Delhi it has risen from a mere 2. 08 in 2001-2002 to 7. 76 in 2005-06. We have to bear in mind that development of the telecom infrastructure holds out a considerable promise for the development ofdelhi because of the economic benefits it will bring to state.. As far as telecommunication facilities in J state are concerned, there are over 16000 STD booths/PCOs, 366 telephone exchanges and 9 telegraph offices (CTOs/DTOs) regulating the services. The number of telephone connections has gone beyond 9 lakhs including phones of mobile segment. When this is compared with the phone level of 2001-02, it is interesting to note that there has been an addition of almost 7 lakh connections between 2001-02 and 2005-06. The mobile phones have contributed 67% to this growth. With mobile services launched only in August 2003, Delhi state has been a late entrant into the telecom sector. Nonetheless, the teledensity of Delhi at the end of June 2006 was reported at 11, marginally short of the national average of 13. 7. we cannot ignore the fact that telecom penetration has been uneven across the urban and rural segments. While the urban tele-density of Delhi at 39. 86 compares favourably with the national average of 42. 65, rural tele-density at 0. 84 is much below the national average of 1. 85. However it is interesting to note that the average revenue per user (ARPU) for J at Rs. 440. 56 is much higher than the national average of Rs. 339. 49. This means that growth of telecom sector in Delhi is not likely to be hampered by demand side constraints. Falling cost of handsets and accessories coupled with innovative tariff plans has made initial entry cost affordable and this factor is largely contributing to the growing demand of phone connections. Take the case of mobile phone. This segment of phones is vital in a state like ours. These are the primary form of telecommunication in most emerging economies as on date. In other words, mobile phones have the capacity to revolutionize even small and tiny businesses and the people associated with these businesses can improve their earnings at a faster rate. Its efficient use can save time and money and provide quicker access to information. It’s no longer just something that only the rich can afford. Now, it’s a basic means of communication. If such type of telecom facilities is made cost effective, it can help in fuelling rapid growth all round in the State. The main constraint to growth of telecom in the state stems from the supply side (service providers). These have resulted in the limitation on the expansion of services into unreached areas of the state. Even there has been no quality improvement of existing services. The lack of proper coordination between the three mobile service providers in the state, BSNL, Airtel, and Aircel, is creating difficulties for subscribers as far as smooth connectivity is concerned. Calls between services, within services, and to landline phones are difficult to get through. It is notable that Reliance, which has a large presence in the rest of country, has yet to start its operations in the state despite having a license to do so now for the past two years. There is need to encourage competitive pressures through multi-operator scenario in J. As per the existing TRAI guidelines operators are obliged to provide connectivity to other operators at points of interconnect (POI) on their respective networks. AIRTEL has reported that BSNL which owns the largest network in J has not been able to comply with this obligation. There is urgent need that authorities who matter in telecom department take cognizance of this and sort out the impasse. Let them bear in mind that interconnectivity is vital for healthy competition among service providers as it will improve the quality of service and cut down the cost. High capital and operating costs of telecom services in the state are put as major hindrances in the smooth development of the sector. The service providers also point out mountainous terrain that hinders the telecom signal thereby limiting the reach of each telecom tower. COMPANY PROFILE AIRCEL Maxis’ expansion into Indonesia and India is another milestone in our aspiration to be the regional communications leader of choice. The acquisition of a 51% stake in PT Natrindo Telepon Seluler (NTS), Indonesia and a 74% equity interest in Aircel, India provides new growth opportunities for Maxis. These acquisitions give Maxis a strong foothold in two of the world’s most attractive high-growth, low-penetration markets. This marks the beginning of the new world of Maxis – a world beyond voice, and beyond borders |   | | |Maxis in INDONESIA | | | | | |On 29th April 2005, Maxis acquired 51% of PT Natrindo Telepon Seluler. Maxis is currently in the middle of rolling out a Java wide network to establish the | | |company as a national operator. Th initial launch phase encompasses 1,300 BTS, providing both 2G and 3G services. NTS expects to have up to 480 employees by| | |launch date and to increase significantly upon launching. | | |Maxis in India Maxis completed the acquisition of a 74% stake in Aircel on March 21, 2006. Currently, Aircel has operations in 9 of the 23-telecom circles | | |of India Chennai, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Orissa, Assam, North East, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Bihar. Aircel launched its services in Bihar| | |and Himachal Pradesh in December 2006 and also recently received the licenses to operate in the remaining 14-telecom circles of India giving it the ability | | |to become a pan-India player. | | | | |Maxis’ expansion into Indonesia and India is another milestone in our aspiration to be the regional communications leader of choice. The acquisition of a | | |51% stake in PT Natrindo Telepon Seluler (NTS), Indonesia and a 74% equity interest in Aircel, India provides new growth opportunities for Maxis. These | | |acquisitions give Maxis a strong foothold in two of the world’s most attractive high-growth, low-penetration markets. This marks the beginning of the new | | |world of Maxis – a world beyond voice, and beyond borders. MAP Maxis in Indonesia On 29th April 2005, Maxis acquired 51% of PT Natrindo Telepon Seluler. | | |Maxis is currently in the middle of rolling out a Java wide network to establish the company as a national operator. The initial launch phase encompasses | | |1,300 BTS, providing both 2G and 3G services. NTS expects to have up to 480 employees by launch date and to increase significantly upon launching. Maxis in | | |India Maxis completed the acquisition of a 74% stake in Aircel on March 21, 2006. Currently, Aircel has operations in 9 of the 23 telecom circles of India -| | |Chennai, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Orissa, Assam, North East, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Bihar. Aircel launched its services in Bihar and | | |Himachal Pradesh in December 2006 and also recently received the licenses to operate in the remaining 14 telecom circles of India giving it the ability to | | |become a pan-India player. Aircel expects to aggressively grow its subscriber base in India and is developing a broad range of new propositions for its | | |customers from branding, to increased network coverage, to innovative product and service offerings, to refreshing customer experience. As of 31st | | |December 2006, Aircel serves more than 4. 5 million subscribers with a network comprising of almost 4,000 BTS. Aircel continues to be the market leader in | | |Tamil Nadu and Chennai circle. Aircel’s network provides 2G and GPRS services, and is EDGE capable. Aircel is also currently in the process of conducting 3G| | |Trials across different cities in India. In addition, Aircel is the first cellular operator in India to launch wireless Internet services using WiMAX | | |technology. It aims to immediately extend its WiMax coverage to over 20 cities to serve enterprise broadband customers. Over the next few quarters, India is| | |expected to add new subscribers at the rate of 5 to 6 million per month. India offers huge opportunities for Aircel given the current low mobile | | |penetrations levels as well as challenges in terms of its geographic spread and low ARPU levels. | | |Aircel expects to aggressively grow its subscriber base in India and is developing a broad range of new propositions for its customers from branding, to | | |increased network coverage, to innovative product and service offerings, to refreshing customer experience. | | |As of 31st December 2006, Aircel serves more than 4. 5 million subscribers with a network comprising of almost 4,000 BTS. Aircel continues to be the market | | |leader in Tamil Nadu and Chennai circle. | | |Aircel’s network provides 2G and GPRS services, and is EDGE capable. Aircel is also currently in the process of conducting 3G Trials across different cities| | |in India. In addition, Aircel is the first cellular operator in India to launch wireless Internet services using WiMAX technology. It aims to immediately | | |extend its WiMax coverage to over 20 cities to serve enterprise broadband customers. | | | | | |Over the next few quarters, India is expected to add new subscribers at the rate of 5 to 6 million per month. India offers huge opportunities for Aircel | | |given the current low mobile penetrations levels as well as challenges in terms of its geographic spread and low ARPU levels | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Aircel’s current and proposed footprint is illustrated below. | | | | | | | | MISSION STATEMENT We are conditionally committed to exceeding our customer’s expectations. e will provide network and services that are innovative and reliable, allowing our customers any time anywhere communications. we will attract, develop and retain an exceptional team of people. We are committed to enhancing the quality of real life in the community in which we operate. Wewill meet the financial expectation of our shareholders. OUR GOALS AND VALUES CUSTOMERS :our customers are our most valued assets. we will strive to exceed their expectations at all time by providing them with superior services that embody value, innovation, quality and care. PEOPLE: our people are our greatest resources. we will attract, train and retain the best. we will challenge them to develop their full potential in the context of our company goals. INTEGRITY: We will maintain and strive for the highest levels of personal and professional integrity and honesty in all ours dealings. We will keep our promises. RESPECT: We will treat with respect dignity all people we deal with. EXCELLENCE: We are committed to excellence in all what we do. there will be no place for mediocrity. WORK: We will promote a work environment that embraces creativity, promotes empowerment, encourages team work, innovation, prudent risk taking, honest and open communication and respectful iconoclasm QUALITY: the hallmark of our internal and external outputs and processes will be quality. this will pervade every aspect of our functioning. The various depts. and their functions in Delhi NCR are as Sales and Marketing Department Customer Service Department Technical/networking Department Commercial Department Finance Department Revenue Assurance Department Human Resources Department Administration Department Vigilance Department Value Added Services When a network operators offers services using: †¢ existing customer base †¢ existing infrastructure †¢ They add more value to the relationship between consumer and operator. Hence, these services are known as Value Added Services. Broad Classification of VAS offerings:- †¢ Messaging – short codes, MMS, email †¢ Music – mono tones, true tones, poly tones, mp3 tones, full songs, CRBT etc †¢ Imagery – wallpapers, animations, screensavers, videos etc. Games – Branded, Unbranded †¢ Text based – stock quotes, news etc. †¢ Voice station †¢ Caller ringtones VALUE ADDED SERVICES PROVIDED BY AIRCEL |VAS | | | |Delhi NCR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |3. Voice Station | | | | » Voice Station | | | |Aircel 55500 service offers you a host of never before services from music on your mobile to tit-bits about celebrities. | |All you need to do is call 55500 from your Aircel mobile and follow the simple instructions to enter a world of information | |and entertainment. The service recognizes your voice and gives information based on the command given by you. |Music Messaging and Ringtones | |Prayers | |Perform pooja from your Aircel mobile. Listen to an exhaustive collection of devotional songs like Supbrapatham, Bhajans, | |Amman Songs, and Gayathri Gurbani | |. | |Astrology Service | |You can check your horoscope for the day, by entering your birth date. Astro info is updated every day. | | | |News | |Get the latest news updates. Information is available across Regional, State, National and International categories. | | | |Calls to 55500 services will be charged at Rs. 6/min. Conditions Apply. | | | |Sports | |Get the latest news and information about the happening in the sports world, like live commentary, scores, schedules etc | |. | |Jokes | |Smile with us by listening to the jokes. We have exhaustive collection which will make you burst in laughter for sure. | |Call rates Rs. 6/min. | | | | | | | | 3. 3 Missed Call Alerts Want to know who called you when your mobile was switched off or out of coverage area? Just subscribe to the Aircel Missed Call Alerts service (MCA). There are two simple ways of doing it. After subscribing to the monthly service, you will receive alerts on your mobile for all the missed calls at no extra cost. Pay as you use option You also have the option of not subscribing to the service. In this option you can get the missed call alerts for the every request you send. SMS Charges to 5899903: Rs. 3/SMS | 3. Dialer Tunes | | | |Aircel introduces Dialer Tunes! Get rid of boring Tring Tring and make your callers listen to latest tunes. Dial 56565, Registration Rs. 30/month, call Rs. 6/min Rs. 15/song.. | |Song validity is for a period of 90 days. | |â€Å"Dialer tune† is a special service through which the calling party can hear a song or music instead of the default Tring Tring tune. | |In order to get the Dialer service activated the subscriber has to register with the Dialer Tune service by calling 56565 and follow the instructions played by IVR. Once the | |user has registered for DIALER TUNE service the calling party will hear the song instead of the default ringing tune (Tring Tring). Subscriber will be confirmed with an SMS | |message of service activation. | | | |To change the selected song or to dedicate a special song to another user the subscriber has to call 56565 and follow the instructions which will play by IVR, While selecting | |the song it will play, whether to dedicate to all or a particular number. Through this the subscriber can dedicate a specific song for a specific subscriber.. |Whenever this subscriber calls, he or she will get to hear the special song dedicated to the calling number. Select a new song and either assigns the song for all the callers | |or to particular caller so that the previous song will be replaced with the newly selected song. Subscriber will be confirmed with an SMS message of song change. | |The user can deregister from the DIALER TUNE service by calling the short code 56565