Benjamin Franklin Essay Example for Free

Benjamin Franklin EssayIt is easier to thwart that cure obesity and one may none that parental education behind go a long way in helping prevent obesity in baberen. It is noted that chubby tiddlerren are cute, nevertheless this already predisposes the child to obesity, early childhood education should be facilitated to include proper nutrition, impregnable exercise habits and parental education as to the dangers of obese children. Researchers have recommended that wide-ranging multi-staged handling programs are needed to prevent complex health problems (McLeroy et al, 1988 Freudenberg et al, 1995). One must pee that prevention of obesity is not nearly as hard as it is to cure it, so practices in order to prevent it from happening should be analyzeed thoroughly and attitude changes by parents and the family in general should be incorporated so that the problem of obesity ordure be taken care of. The parent or family should be taught to observe decimateing habits and ac tivity. Practices in relation to food to prevent obesity rotter be described as follows 1. Eat WellIt is noted that a good diet is one of the main components for good health, but one can excessively note that eating healthy is easier said than done (Litchfield et al, 2004). A variety of tactics can be employed in order to promote healthy eating. Carbonated beverages worry sodas including other sweetened drinks are also related to higher intake of body fat, whereas consumption of calcium rich foods such as milk and milk products are correlated with lower body fat. When eating out it is recommended that the family eats in a eatery that provides for healthy food alternatives.Encourage portion control when eating most particularly for the high calorie foods. It is also suggested that the child learns to cook healthy meals at home. Also it is determined that activities should always be kept fun. Eat breakfast and other meals as a family. Pack healthy school lunches. Let your child be a part of the meal planning at home. This will help the parent realize the desires of the child with regards to food and how best to prepare it in order for them to eat it.The parent must also realize that if the food is not appealing for the child the probability is that they will not eat it, this is most especially true for the snacks and packed lunches brought to school, they might bring the food but not eat it and just eat somewhere else It is also a good practice not to reward any deed with promises of food and snacks, instead use praises, stickers and stars, time for favorite activities or an extra hour playing can be their reward rather than candies, chips or other junk foods that will ultimately be bad for their health.2. Keep junk food and unhealthy foods external Junk food should be realized for what it is, junk as it is aptly called. Unhealthy food like chips, soda, candies and chocolates should be kept at a lower limit and healthy alternative like fruits and vegetables snack substitutes should be the ones that are within reach in the refrigerator and cookies and chips should be kept only for special make (Litchfield, Nelson Koch, 2004) avoiding it as much as possible.Stock up and preserve a variety of healthy foods at home rather than junk food, and thoroughly consider removing these types of food or teach the children to limit intake of such foods 3. Provide appropriate food portioning (just like in restaurants) It is important to note that it is essential to proportionate food intake, generally like in a restaurant where one orders food, the food delivered and serve is proportioned and measured such should be the case in the home also, where food not necessarily measured to the gram should be controlled to avoid eating too much.4. Savor your food (eat slower) Eating slowly lets our brain realize that we have taken in enough food and thereby we are obliged to stop eating. It is may also enable the place uprightive system to digest the food t horoughly, Litchfield, Nelson and Koch (2004) also notes that savoring the food helps one to lose weight and eating slower may not only helps the digestion of the food but also fosters social functions like small talk in the dinner table that can enhance interpersonal relationships. 5. Eat at the right place and at the right timeBreakfast, lunch and dinner should be eaten in the dining room even snack time should be eaten at the dinner table, not in front of the television or in their rooms. This fosters routine and control. This can be surmised that a child will eat less if they are subjected to eat at the table since they would want to do other activities than eating therefore snacks and such to be eaten at the table means lesser time to be spent in other activities and such will mean that they will tend to eat less because they are in a hurry to go back to what they were doing including computers and television watching.Engagement in Physical Activities Increase Play time activit ies Litchfield, Nelson and Koch (2004) also noted outdoor activities as a good start, all of a sudden evening walks or if the child is old enough and the family owns a dog, they can be given the responsibility of walking the dog. Even the littlest amount of activity can be a good start in order to promote physical activity. It is also advised that the child engage in physical plays like running, playing tag in the park, or other family activities that will promote physical activities.

All the Worlds a Stage by William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

All the Worlds a Stage by William Shakespeare Es enounceAll The Worlds a Stage by William Shakespeare is a short numbers comparing our haves and the many stages we prevail to a theatrical play and the many rolls an actor plays in them. William Shakespeare identifies the seven stages a person goes d cardinal in life. Infancy, the stage where he is a baby introduced to the world, crying and puking in the nurses arms. Childhood, this is the stage where he is generateing up and offset school with no enthusiasm. The lover, this is the stage where he has a mistress and falls in love with her, while he tries to sing her a song he cant look into her eyes because hes so shy.The soldier is when he tries to keep his reputation thinking less of himself and more of other(a)s, and of all time being ready to fight. The justice stage is where he has gained wisdom and prosperity by the many experiences he had in life. The old age stage is when he begins to lose his charm physically and me ntally, he also loses his firmness and personality. Finally, physical and mental lose and death, he begins to become dependent on others like a child and needs constant help from others to perform any tasks he easy loses his teeth, eyesight, and taste, until he finally dies.In this paper I will analyze the way William Shakespeare compares a persons life and its many stages to a theatrical stage and the many rolls and actor performs, his tone, how he uses explicit details, mental imagery, repetition, consonance, and any other figurative language he uses in this poem. Tone The tone in this poem in my opinion is that William Shakespeare feels as if e genuinelyone ends up the way people do just because we all go through life as if we were actors on a stage reading a script knowing every tone to take till the very end.He is accepting of death, he knows that everyone goes through every single stage of life assuming they know what do to do next, but no one really does. I came to this c onclusion because Shakespeare shows no type of anger or excitement throughout the poem. He is neutral he is neither afraid of death nor excited about it. He feels as if everyone has a purpose in life and to find that purpose you abide to go through every stage. It doesnt matter how confident you are, how hard you leaven, or how fast you get through each stage, everyone will always end the self analogous(prenominal) way, dying.Shakespeare knows you cannot skip this part of life no matter who you are. 1 can only enjoy the time you have and wait for your time to come. He understands no ones life is fully comp permite until you go through your final stage of life and die. Imagery William Shakespeare uses a lot of very salubrious visual imagery though out his poem. In line 7-9 one can visualize a little boy in the morning, tired and very slowly dragging himself to school with his satchel, when he says the whining schoolboy, with his satchel and shining morning face, creeping like a snail unwillingly to school. Another sense of inviolate imagery is in line 5-6, when he says at first, the infant, mewling and puking in the nurses arms. In this line one can easily picture a nurse holding a baby who just came into this world for the first time, whining, squirming, and puking in her arms. In line 9-11 William Shakespeare says the lover sighing like furnace, with a execrable ballad made to his mistress eyebrow. Here he explains that the lover wrote his mistress a song like poem to express his love to her, but his in like manner shy to look her in the eyes while he sings to her.William Shakespeare uses the entire poem All the Worlds a Stage as a metaphor to compare the stages of life to a theatrical stage. He explains how the rolls we play throughout our lives are like the rolls an actor plays on stage. He makes sure to say that no one is ever the same person their entire life, just as an actor doesnt stay the same throughout a play. William Shakespeare uses stro ng imagery and metaphor in the poem for us to picture images every stage and how we change all throughout them as we read. Sound Sound is a very big part of this poem, because he uses a specific structure, some frost and repetition.The structure of this poem is very important because each stage is in order. He goes from infant, to schoolboy, to lover, to soldier, to justice, to old age, and finally death. For ones life to start you must be born into this world as an infant then you slowly grow into a schoolboy, become a lover and then a soldier trying to keep your reputation. You gain wisdom and justice and then you grow into old age where you lose your appearance physically and mentally. Lastly you become dependent on others and eventually your life is over.This poem also has some rhyme in it but not much. You will not find rhyme in the same line. In line 7 he uses the word whining and in line 8 he uses the word shining to describe the schoolboy, which both words rhyme with each ot her. He doesnt feel the need to have to rhyme so much in this poem for one to fully understand the metaphor he is conveying. He also uses repetition in the terminal line of the poem. As he says sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything he repeats sans to let you know he has lost his teeth, eyes, taste, everything as he dies.Theme The theme to All the Worlds a Stage in my opinion is live life to the fullest with no regrets. Everyone should have their own life, and do their own thing. No one should have the same routine every single day, thats boring. Be spontaneous, do things youd never imagine doing. Youd be surprised at the many things one can do in this world at any age we just have to be willing to leave our comfort zone and let loose. One should not let another person take over their life for any reason.We should have control of it, and be able to do what we requisite when we want, and not have to ask for permission. Not everyone goes through each stage of life at the same time, it shouldnt matter how old one is. One should always have time to laugh and have a good time at any time no matter what. In this poem it is very clear that William Shakespeare wants you to understand how one goes through life. One usually goes through life making choices behind choices, living off your decisions and its consequences. We each have our own routine we follow day by day, even if we dont always notice it.Its as if were a character in a play and we follow a script we memorize every day, until something unexpected happens and our role changes. We have to accommodate the new situation into our schedule and try to make it work. We also have time to squeeze in some fun and live. We tend to surprise ourselves from time to time to shake up our lives a little. If you go through your whole life thinking what if isnt healthy, you need to take a risk and throw yourself out there. Have fun and live your life while you still have it.

Competitive Advantage Of Airline Industry In Singapore Tourism Essay

warring Advantage Of Airline application In capital of Singapore Tourism EssaySingapore offer upnce is one of most prosperous in the world. Singapore air hose pains accounted for 5% of GDP and the industry value-added rate is 15%. As an important social function in Singapore economy, Singapore respiratory tract industry has growing fast. In this paper will use the Porters Diamond Model (Factor endowments Demand conditions link up and backing industries Firm strategy, coordinate and rivalry Chance Government) to analysis the agonistic advantage of Singapore airline industry and explain how the Singapore airline industry essential its competitive advantages.IntroductionSingapore economy environmentSingapore economy is one of most prosperous in the world. Singapore economy is a capitalist mixed economy, with minimal governing body intervention in the market. It has an open subscriber line environment, relatively corruption-free and transp atomic number 18nt, stable pric es and one of the highest per capita gross domestic products (GDP) in the world.Airlines industry in SingaporeAir travel is a large and growing industry. It facilitates economic growth, world trade, global investment and tourism and is in that respectfore central to the globalization taking place in many other industries.In Singapore economic environment, the Singapore airlines industry had total revenue of $5.8 billion in 2009, representing a composite annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.7% for the period spanning 2005-2009. patience volumes cast upd with a CAGR of 4.1% between 2005 and 2009, to reach a total of 18.1 cardinal passengers in 2009. The performance of the industry is forecast to accelerate, with an anticipated CAGR of 11% for the five year period 2009-2014, which is expected to drive the industry to a value of $9.8 billion by the end of 2014 (Airlines Industry Profile Singapore, 2010).Porters Diamond Model of Competitive AdvantageThe diamond model is an economical mo del developed by Michael Porter in his book The Competitive Advantage of Nations (Porter, 1990), where he published his theory of why particular industries become competitive in particular locations. Porters diamond model suggests that there are inbuilt reasons why some nations, and industries within nations, are more than competitive than others on a global scale. The argument is that the national folk base of an memorial tablet provides organizations with special factors, which will potentially create competitive advantages on a global scale.The analysis is classified into six broad factors incorporated into the Porter diamond, which has become a key tool for the analysis of competitivenessFactor endowments a nations position in factors of production such as skilled labor or the fundament necessary to compete in given industry.Demand conditions the nature of home exact for the industrys product or service.Related and supporting industries the presence or absence of suppl ier industries and related industries that are internationally competitive.Firm strategy, structure and rivalry the conditions governing how companies are created, organized, and managed and the nature of domestic rivalry.Chance events are occurrences that are external of control of a besotted. They are important because they create discontinuities in which some gain competitive positions and some lose.Government disregard influence each of the to a higher place four determinants of competitiveness. Clearly brass can influence the supply conditions of key production factors, demand conditions in the home market, and competition between firms. Government interventions can occur at local, regional, national or supranational level.Figure 1 Porters Diamond Modelwww.google.com_000.jpgSource The Competitive Advantage of NationsBy using Porters diamond, stage business leaders may analyze the competitive factors which may reside in their home country company, and what factors may be used to achieve global competitive advantage. Business leaders can also use the Porters diamond model during a phase of internationalization, the leaders can use the model to analyze whether the factors in the domestic market to support the internationalization process, and whether in the country eligible to create a global scale competitive advantage.Analysis of Airline Industry in SingaporeFactor endowmentsThe factor endowments of airlines industry include human resources, capital, equipment and facilities, air space resources, etc.In human resources, cod to the characteristics of technology-intensive in airlines industry, the organization requires a lot of professional and technical personnel. Meanwhile, the tune industry also needs administrative, financial investment and sales staffs. The multi-cultural Singaporean workforce is exceedingly educated, highly motivated and highly productive. It is also proficient in English the language of international business. Singapore has a large base of engineering endowment fund, with the number of engineers in universities and polytechnics expanding steadily each year, in addition to the sizeable pool of skilled technicians. In addition, Singapore government through the open immigration policy enhances Singapores talent pool. This gives companies the opportunity to source for the best personnel from anywhere in the world (http//www.edb.gov.sg/edb/sg/en_uk/index/why_singapore/knowledge.html). For these reasons, the Singapore airlines industries have sizeable manpower.In capital, airlines industry needs a large finance support, the aircrafts and airport cost millions of money. In Singapore, the worlds major banks have opened branches or offices. Therefore, the Singapore airline industries do not have trouble in capital. For example, Commerzbank Singapore branch has 30 years experience in finance aircraft to arrange and manage the entire deal, and a complete suite of financing products (https//www.commerzbank.co m.sg/en/financing/aircraft/aircraft_financing.htm).Although the Singapores skies are limited, however the airline industry not far from reaching saturation point. According to Lee Kuan Yew (former Prime Minister of Singapore), due to the aid of advanced navigation technology, Singapore can shorten the distance of the aircraft flight and to increase flights density, therefore Singapore in terms of the open skies, relieve have a lot of space.Demand conditionsAirlines generally have a large number of buyers. Many of these are individual consumers purchasing flights directly from the airline, although there are business to business sales to charter companies, discounters, and similar buyers.With the increasing living standard, the customers are demand on convenient, comfortable and fast transportation. Travel by air is one of the best choices for Singapore customers. Firstly, Singapore has a strong international trade link, there are thousands of businessmen which from different countr ies doing business in Singapore. The businessmen through the air travel to make sure they can reach the right place on time. Secondly, Singapore is one of the most favorite tourist cities in Asia. There are 10.8 million tourists visit Singapore in 2008. Furthermore, due to the population growth, Singapore has a great potential demand for air travel.Table 1 Singapore Population StatisticsYear2007Total Population (000)4588.6Singapore Residents (000)3583.1Birth Rate (Per meter Population)10.3Death Rate (Per 1000 Population)4.5Infant Mortality Rate (Per 1000 Live Births)2.1(Source www.singstat.gov.sg)(Source Airlines Industry Profile Singapore, 2010)According to the tables, it obviously shows that the passengers of Singapore airlines industry have increasing by year.Related and supporting industriesThe related and supporting industries including airports, air traffic control, navigation information, aviation fuel, air material and other support services, and aircraft manufacturing an d maintenance of related industries.From the supply-side perspective, the airport provide the basic conditions for airlines industry, it contains safety and quality service. Changi Airport is the main airport in Singapore which humble beginnings in 1981. Changi Airport also is a major aviation hub in Southeast Asia. Currently managed by Changi Airport Group, Changi Airport was corporatized on 1 July 2009 to bring Changi to the next level and deliver an even better Changi Experience. (http//www.changiairport.com/our-business/about-changi-airport) share more than 90 international airlines flying to some 200 cities in 60 countries, Changi Airport handles about 5,000 arrivals and departures every week and over 37 million passengers a year. With over 40,000 square meters of commercial space, Changi Airport is also one of Singapores largest shopping locations.As the air traffic controller, Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) promotes a strong safety culture and embeds a robust s afety framework, with a modern and progressive regulatory regime establish on international best practices.Aircraft manufacturing and maintenance are the most important supporting industries for airlines industry. For Singapore airline industries, Boeing Company and Airbus is the main supplier for aircraft. Fortunately, Singapore also has its local brand. SIA engineer Company is leading aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) company providing total maintenance solutions to an expanding client base of international airlines (http//www.siaec.com.sg/).Firm strategy, structure, and rivalryLocal conditions affect firm strategy. For example, German companies tend to be hierarchical. Italian companies tend to be smaller and are run more like extended families. Such strategy and structure helps to determine in which types of industries a nations firms will excel. Singapore is a hierarchical paternalistic authoritarian illiberal state. Cause of Confucianism is strong Singapore soc iety is based on a hierarchical order of things.Rivalry in the Singapore airline industry is strong. Local rivalry forces firms to move beyond basic advantages that the home country may enjoy, such as low factor costs. The competitive landscape has several large companies, such as Singapore Airlines, alongside smaller competitors. Rivalry is increased by the presence of low-cost carriers in the market, as these companies can compete more intensely on price. Switching costs for buyers are low, which means that it is easy for them to change to a competitor. Cause of the globalization, there are many international competitors join in the Singapore market, such as China, japan and India, etc.ChanceThe demand for air travel to the Asia Pacific is rising which is driven by increased economic activity in emerging Asian countries such as China and India. Traffic is projected to grow at 7% in China and India combined, above the world average of 5% in the fiscal year ended December 2007. Furt her, the share of Asia Pacific region in world passenger traffic is forecast to rise from 25% in 2003 to 31% in 2023.According to the update of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, the global tourism will rebound strongly in 2010. With the anticipated growth, business and consumer confidence has picked up. This growth in world tourism industry will enhance airline business. Singapore airlines industry can capitalize on this increase in world travel and tourism to enhance its business and generate additional revenues.GovernmentGovernment is the important variable of affecting the competitiveness of the airline industry. In the past, the airline industry was at least partly government owned. The airline industry has been strongly controlled by agreements and policies. Airlines couldnt just fly to any reference or country without appropriate authorization. The deregulation of the Airline industry opens doors for more entrants to the market and increased competition. Singapor e Airlines is still owned by the Singapore government and is still affected by such controls. Therefore, the government has great impact on the airline industry. In Singapore, the government is supporting the airline industry. The Singapore government has signed an agreement with the United States called Open Skies that gives both countries unrestricted flight access to each other countries. The open skies phenomenon is gathering momentum and more and more countries are signing up. Recently, the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) will be setting up an S$100-million Aviation Development Fund to get along develop the local aviation industry.ConclusionAirline industry in Singapore has growing fast. Its due to have a good economic environment and stable politics. According to the analysis of Porters Diamond Model of Competitive Advantage, it obviously shows what competitive advantages of the Singapore airline industry have. Firstly, Singapore airline industries have the good human resources, finance support and other factor endowments. Secondly, the strong demand of market and the related and supporting industries. Additionally, the good opportunities and the government support. My recommendation for Singapore airline industryKeep strong emphasis on the brand name and quality of service.Stay with the competitive advantage what the industries have, using the differentiation strategy.Maintain the designing and complimentary products.

Positive Perspective On Right Realism Criminology Essay

Positive Perspective On cover pragmatism Criminology EssayBoth Right and leave Realism have positive and negative aspects to their postures on the definition of detestation. Overall, leftfield Realism is the perspective I agree with most out of the two. The impressiveness of inner-city street crime is central to both left(a) and Right Realism for different reasons however both standpoints make the mis trail of neglecting the importance of the less telescopic white-collar crime. This essay will critically evaluate Left and Right Realism, comparing and evaluating the positive and negative aspects of both perspectives.Right RealismPositive perspective on Right RealismRight Realism has been influential on government policy particularly in the USA and through the Thatcher years in the UK. Right Realists custom sore York City as an example of their zero tolerance policy being successfully adopted, under Police Commissioner William Bratton and Mayor Giuliani in 1994 (Bowling, 19 96). The city that had s tiptopped caring about itself reduced the crime browse by 37% over 3 years (Bowling, 1996) Homicide decreased by 51%, violence by 38%, car crime by 40% and robberies by 32% (Gibbons, 1996). Analysts of the New York Miracle tended to agree in that location had been a signifi movet decrement in crime due to the zero tolerance policing practices brought about by the restructuring of the law department (Bowling, 1996).James Q Wilson was against the popular view that increasing welfargon nourishment would result in crime reduction (Jones, 2001). He was right to question this notion as during the 1960s these welfare expansions were implemented yet crime rate still rose (Jones, 2001). Hence it is understandable that during the economic downturn of the 1970s Right Realism rose in popularity and right wing governments were appointed in the UK and US (Jones, 2001).The Left Idealist obsession with issues of the 1970s allowed Right Realism to seize initiative in th e political power debate as they offered a strong response while the left provided no strategy (Jones, 2001).Wilson and Herrnstein focused on individual choice as well as the tolerance and dependency of individuals on the welfare system as an expla dry land to evil deportment (Jones, 2001). Wilson and Herrnstein strongly backed the idea that effective social conditioning can however take place in a nuclear family and therefore did not approve of single parents (Jones, 2001). Children from broken homes tend to be more likely to realize pitiful acts in the future (Portes, 1998).Negative perspective on Right RealismWilson was the former policy advisor of Republican President Reagan (Jones, 2001). Hence there are sincere issues on relying on official statistics of the time. Wilson ignores crimes of the powerful, which are financially more damaging than public order offenses. His obsession with highly visible criminal behaviour means he neglects white-collar crime, which could be d own to his conservative background (Jones, 2001).Wilson and Herrnsteins approach to finding the key grounds underlying criminal behaviour is ground on un-precise lexicon which makes it hard to subject their theory to empirical research (Gibbs, 1985). Right Realism fails to acknowledge nearly all socio-economic influences on the way individuals choke and the high levels of inequality found in industrial societies (Jones, 2001). Concern of class, gender, power, and race are all neglected (Currie 1991). Wilsons contentious attempt to rejuvenate Lombrosian views on the criminal man is not justified with any new evidence while Lombrosian views on the criminal man were originally built on non-credible evidence besides (Jones, 2001). Its extraordinary that Wilson overlooked the vast body of evidence that existed linking social factors to crime itself (Jones, 2001). Wilson and Herrnstein were also eclectic in the research they picked to cite in advocating their propositions (Kamin, 1985) .There is no clear researched evidence of a relationship between delinquency and urban decline (Matthews and Young, 1992). This significantly weakens the soundity of Wilson and Kellings Broken Windows study of New York (Jones, 2001). Instead, ignored factors such(prenominal) as underinvestment and scummy facilities are more relevant to the deterioration of a neighbourhood (Matthews and Young, 1992). While the dramatic fall of crime rates in New York City did coincide with the implementation of zero tolerance policing, legion(predicate) have questioned whether they are linked as crime also fell significantly in 17 of the 25 largest cities in the US (Dixon 1999). These crime rate reductions tended to occur in cities using different policing methods to New York, which included Los Angeles, San Diego, Washington DC and dinero (Bratton, 1997). In particular, the crime reduction trends between New York and Chicago are very similar, yet the methods used so very different. Since 1993 Ch icago had been implementing a Left Realist community policing strategy that focused on improving public relations with the police (Bratton, 1997).Wilson and Kellings reliance on informal control mechanisms is an issue, such as their stamp that the police should be approved to go beyond the authoritarian limits of the criminal law to preserve order on the streets (Jones, 2001). This method makes the assessment of police capacity rather arduous, as it would increase the scope for discriminatory police behaviour and would make police accountability problematic to say the least (Jones, 2001). These changes allow great scope for police brutality, which decreases public cooperation with the police in crime ridden areas. This is seen in Philadelphia, where police complain that the biggest obstacle between them and bringing justice is the lack of cooperation they go from the public (Bratton, 1997). Heavy-handed policing can cause entire communities to feel under attack as the distinctio n between offenders and non-offenders becomes obscured (Lea and Young, 1984). The poor relationship between police and the community was the major issue in the Brixton riots in 1981 (Jones, 2001).Wilson believed that US courts had become far too lenient in their punishments of crime, therefore he stated that adopt offenders should be sentenced to lengthy stretches of time in prison (Jones, 2001). This has in fact been implemented in the US as the Three strikes and theyre out baseball illustration (Jones, 2001). This hard-line strategy has failed as it has left the US with a greater rate of imprisonment than any other MEDC along with a high rate of crime (Currie, 1991). As the rate of imprisonment increased end-to-end the 1980s, so did the crime rate (Jones, 2001).Left RealismPositive perspective on Left RealismLeft Realisms key strength is its recognition of multiple causes of crime. Its focus on victims as well as offenders adds another dimension to the sociological sympathy of crime. Left Realists believe a major cause of crime to be the feeling of relative deprivation (Jones, 2001). While this feeling occurs most in the poor working classes, it cannot be acclaimed to be the outcome of poverty. For example there was more poverty in the 1930s Great Depression yet a set down crime rate (Jones, 2001). Unlike Right Realism, the relative deprivation approach has the advantages of finding the causes of crime within social structures and provides an account that does not connect crime entirely to unemployment or poverty (Jones, 2001). An example of relative deprivation and subcultural theory combined can be is seen in Afro-Caribbeans in the UK (Jones, 2001).Left Realism places cogent emphasis on the fear of crime as a cripple on society (Jones, 2001). They are correct to flag this up as a problem as there is definite evidence that fear of crime exists, especially in Britain. The International Crime Victimisation Survey in 2000 shows that citizens of England an d Wales top the list of 17 industrialised countries for the number of security devices installed, with Londons CCTV system being the largest in the world (Jones 2001).Lea and Young state that justice should consistently take priority over crime control and that there should be an emphasis on improving public cooperation with police (Jones, 2001). This is a valid statement as police animosity with the public can be disadvantageous to social control (Jones, 2001). Cooperation as many will concur helps the police significantly in keeping order in the streets, make it correct for Left Realists to want focus on bringing people to justice, as in time this has the potential to build trust and cooperation between the public and the police.The 2011 UK riots are an example of Left Realism theories on causes of crime coming to fruition. Marginalisation, alienation, relative deprivation and subcultural theory can all be attributed to the cause of these riots. Interviews with participants of t he riots revealed this and they blamed the way police engaged with communities as their main justification of the disorder (James, 2011). Left Realism can use this as evidence in favour of community-friendly policing.Negative perspective on Left RealismFor Left Realism, analysis of working class crime has everlastingly taken priority over white-collar crime (Jones, 2001). This allows those with the most power in society to influence the images conveyed of what are the most harmful crime problems (Jones, 2001). Left Realism fails to recognise how white-collar and corporate crime is damaging to society as their proposed policing methods do not deal with the issue (Pearce and Tombs, 1992). Furthermore their theories are based on small-scale victim surveys carried out in inner city areas (Mugford and OMalley, 1991). Hence their theories are only applicable to inner-city areas and not representative of the entire nation (Mugford and OMalley, 1991).It is misguiding that Left Realism plac es so much emphasis on the reason of the fear of crime (Sparks, 1992). It is incongruous to speculate fear in terms of rationality (Sparks 1992). The aptitude of survey respondents to make a factual estimation of risk is controlled by their fear of crime, which itself is exhibitive of a number of factors linked to their personality (Jones, 2001). Not many individuals are capable of making a valid assessment of the risk of crime in their community as information they obtain will much be exaggerated stories in the local news (Sparks, 1992). Feminists also claim fear of crime rationality is idle to women as local victim surveys that are founded on measuring incidents are unable to access the continuous underlying threat to security that exists in many womens lives (Walklate, 2001).Left Realisms argument for minimalist policing is criticised by Wilson who saw curbs on police power (Britain in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984) as a hindrance to keeping order in communities eff ectively (Jones, 2001). Left Realism seeks greater legal control of police powers, a limit on discretion and more public involvement in establishing policing priorities (Jones, 2001). Discretion limitation is extremely difficult as the majority of police interaction on the streets cannot be reached by the legal controls (Jones, 2001). Furthermore, radical converts to Left Realism may still hold a bias motive against the police after the 1980s confrontations between left-wing local councils and chief constables over the governments methods on policing (Jones, 2001).ConclusionLeft Realism is the perspective I agree with most out of the two due to its key strength in recognising multiple causes of crime through its theories, its desire for more public and police cooperation and its focus on victims and what goes on behind the scenes. In contrast Right Realism cares only for a visible reaction against criminals on the streets, with tougher policing tactics and harsher prison sentences. Right Realisms negatives far outweigh its positives, with it lacking in both empathy and evidence to support its moral absolutism, making it a weaker perspective than Left Realism in comparison. While Right Realism provides more immediately effective tactics on street crime, it fails to puzzle out the underlying causes of crime that Left Realism attempts to address. However, both Left and Right Realism have a significant issue that threatens their title as valid perspectives on crime in that they do not recognise white-collar crime as a problem. While positive points were made for both perspectives, throughout the essay it became increasingly apparent that both Left and Right realism have too many problems with their outlook and proposed methods that need to be addressed.

Representation of Political Scandals in the Media

Representation of Political Scandals in the MediaPolitical Scandals Interim SubmissionThe question that I have chosen to answer for my pose is How fair and balanced has the c everyplaceage of political turds been in the British media? By selecting this question I can explore the different political affiliations in the British press during times of scandal and how each news media reported on it depending on their relationship with the political companionship at the centre of the controversy.Firstly, to begin my see I leave behind provide some background information on how the press functions in UK politics for which I have conducted some research on for the interim submission using the chapter titled Judging the Media Impartiality and Broadcasting in the book governing and the Media Harlots and Prerogatives at the Turn of the Millennium (chapter written by Eric B atomic number 18ndt and edited by Jean Seaton). I have found that it is common knowledge that UK newspapers are, of flux, free to maintain whichever party its editor or proprietor, chooses, and to take sides on political issues. With this power they are not expected to be impartial or balanced in their coverage of contentious political matters such as General Elections and political scandals. For example, The Sun itself claimed credit for the surprise victory of the Conservatives in the General Election of 1992 with the notorious front-page headline Its The Sun Wot Won It on Saturday 11 April 1992, according to John Curtice in his research piece Was it the Sun wot won it again? The influence of newspapers in the 1997 election campaign (http//www.crest.ox.ac.uk/papers/p75.pdf). Because of this ahead of the 1997 election, Tony Blair in opposition assiduously courted Rupert Murdoch and the editors of his newspapers. It is unlikely that the Labour majority in 1997 would have been so plumping, had the Sun not decided to support it six weeks before polling day. These freedoms are substantive aspect s of the traditional British understanding of press freedom, also establishmentally guaranteed in many other nations including the USA by the First Amendment (http//www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/first_amendment).To show that I know what I am writing about and avoid misinterpretations by settling on a single understanding of chance upon terms I will define terms such as fair, balanced media, power normal, success, failure, disaster and of course scandal. Defining terms ensures that I am talking about the same things as the reader. For example, I could define fruit salad as containing, pineapples, yellow apples and bananas. By doing this, the reader will not object when I later write that fruit salad has vital red deficiencies. By defining power, I would demonstrate that I am aware of other interpretations of the term. It will actually often not be essential to state what the other explanations are, except if the distinction is an essential aspect of the argument.I will be struct uring my essay chronologically covering seven scandals over a ninety-one year period in Politics from the Marconi scandal in the summer of 1912 to the Iraq struggle and the apparent suicide of Dr. David Kelly in July 2003. Furthermore, one of the scandals I will be researching will be an overseas scandal the Lewinsky scandal, which involved former US president Bill Clinton. I will use the scandal for comparison with the John Profumo sex scandal.In addition, I am going to use a wide range of sources for the essay including books, newspaper articles, journals, academic research and blogs. All these historical scandals have their own historiography. I will look at the way that they have been written in the press over time (during the scandals and during the present day), the occasional conflicting objectives pursued by journalists and academics on them over time, and the way in which such details form peoples understanding of the scandals.These different sources are important because they will help meTo gather information so that I can develop and enhance on my own political knowledge and understanding of particular scandals and how they were reported in the British media.To identify, build and support arguments or research in the essay which will help demonstrate the understandings that I have acquired.I have listed the scandals that I will be covering, the orbit of research that I have conducted for them, the different sources that I have referred to for my research and a provisional list of sources that I plan to use in the terminal essay below. Moreover, I have included a rough word count for each scandal.THE MARCONI SCANDAL 1912Centered around allegations that members of the Liberal Government, under Herbert Asquiths premiership, had profited by inappropriate use of information about the Governments plans with respect to theMarconi Company knowing that the government was about to issue a lucrative contract to the British Marconi company for theImperial W ireless Chain, they had bought shares in an American subsidiary.The allegations included the fact that Isaacs brother,Godfrey Isaacs, was managing director of the Marconi company.Although the political repercussions were in fact minor, theNew Witnessdrew conclusions about fraud in British politics.SUEZ CRISIS 1956Anthony heaven becomes Prime Minister in 1955 high sense of optimism. Hailsham a real post-war government, led by a PM who represented contemporary manhood, rather than the pre-First cosmos War generation. Optimism about progressive ideas in domestic affairs, his belief in property owning democracy and industrial partnership. However, all Edens career had been orthogonal affairs and not domestic politics.Ironically his downfall was foreign affairs Suez Crisis. Ends in disaster, military operation called off in humiliating circumstances as Britain withdraws payable to American pressure due to economic reasons.OutcomesPolitical crisis Eden seemed weak, lost in a policy he was supposed to be the get over of. Came under heavy attack from Labour in parliament and sections of national press e.g. Manchester Guardian. By lying to Parliament about collusion with France and Israel, Eden had tarnished his moving-picture show and prestige.Chancellor Harold Macmillan leading the campaign with Edens console table for Britain to abort Suez.Demise of Eden never recovered from Suez (though resigns due to poor health in 1957). Replaced by Macmillan.PROFUMO AFFAIR 1963Scandal which was a personal disaster for Harold Macmillan. Given sensational treatment by the press. Political impact of the affair was actually light lived but the image of Macmillan as old and out of touch was reinforced.SignificanceIdeal excuse for press to go after every detail nip became less deferential, more intrusive previous tactics used by government to prevent publication of sensitive or embarrassing information no longer worked.Booker after years of uneasy indulgence, the people were restless and dissatisfiedwild rumours of strange and wild happenings in the country villas, of orgies and philandering..brought the capital into a frenzy of surmisal and contempt aroused by the Government in the hearts of the great bargain of the peopleLEWINSKY SCANDAL 1998 (USA) COMPARISON1995Monica Lewinsky hired as a White kin intern.Series of 10 sexual encounters.Kenneth Starr investigates.Michael Isikoff, Newsweek reporter, investigates, but magazine delays publishing.First public report of the scandal seen on Drudge Report.Clinton denies allegations.Extremely detailed Starr Report released.Lewinsky allegations push aside in Paula Jones case, but coverage is still pervasive.Rumors circulate on the internet.24/7 cable news networks.Decline of gatekeeping sensationalist journalism.Salience and dumbed-down news.Pressure on news outlets to report on rumors.Publics right to know?Drawing the line between news and drama/entertainment.JOHN MAJOR AND bargain rate 1990sGrowing internal divisions in the Conservative Party after 1992Major an unlucky PM?Exhausting battles began to drown out the positive achievements in a sea of party infighting and political setbacks.Between Black Wednesday and the 1997 election, Major suffered a slow political death.Majors tribulations can be summed up asEasy target for satirists and cartoonists Private Eye, Rory Bremner, Spitting Images grey man. None of this Satire vicious and Major remained personally more popular than his party, but the image of Major as a well-meaning but bumbling and inadequate leader stuck to him.Blatant actions by anti-Europe elements in own party 1993 Maastricht Treaty was initially blocked by rebel MPs. Major won the vote in the end but authority was damaged. Do we requirement 3 more of the bastards accidentally recorded press, e.g. Daily Mail, speculating as to whom Major was referring to speculation as to whether a leadership challenge would occur. It did not but the menace was damaging eno ugh. Major tried to reshuffle his cabinet in 1994 with little impact.Press speculation continued about possible challengers for leadership from disaffected cabinet members 1995 Major called for leadership election so that he could be re-elected to do his own job (Back me or sack me).Sleaze press coverage divulge here sensationalist and intrusive and a contrast with Majors Back to Basics campaign 1993 (call for return to traditional moral values). Examples include Yeo and Mellor (sex scandal, resigned), Scott enquiry 1994 (illegal selling of arms investigation, Torys economical with truth), Archer and Aitken (perjury).Major became easy target, respect declined gave press fuel. Sleaze similar impact as Profumo matter on Macmillan 1962. Seen as out of touch, untrustworthy, too preoccupied with own traumas than those of Britain in comparison to a reinvigorated Labour. Further press and opposition hostility due to ammunition easy target. Sleaze ran all way to 1997 election factor in Labours 1997 victory?POLITICAL IMPACT OF IRAQ/ DEATH OF DR. DAVID KELLY 2003Iraq War and Blair-Bush relationship is argued to be the defining issue of Blairs second term.Blair had to fight two wars over Iraq one against Saddam Hussein one to win over political and public opinion at homeMedia initially supportive. Continually supportive of our lads but not of the governments/countries who led Britain into Iraq.Method Intelligence dossier on weapons of mass destruction idea Hussein had biological and nuclear weapons.Failed to convince those who though WMD had been exaggerated/overrated.Questions over why Alastair Campbell played such a large role in drafting dossier sexed up dossier (Gilligan, 2003) to exaggerate the threat from Saddam and that it was intended for political purposes.Accusations dossier was about political presentation rather than tricky evidence.Impact of WMD No WMD were found.Death of Dr. David Kelly (weapons expert at MoD) further damaged the governments re mystifyation as the case dominated the national news, rocked the government, and put the doubt into the British publics mind about whether this dossier had indeed been exaggerated.The role of critical and sensationalist press had a profound effect entitle Huttons Enquiry absolved the government from blame and criticised the BBC but the damage was done.

SUPERSTITIOUS :: essays research papers

SUPERSTITIOUSHuman beings are superstitious especially among Chinese. If anyone who claims that he or she is not superstitious is either a liar or a fool. A lot of us believe in certain things that do not have logical explanations. This is especially true in this multi-racial country of ours. Each community has its own beliefs. It would be impossible to discuss all of the beliefs of Chinese and then I will just touch on some of them.I still remember a few years ago, some of my friends and I went to a holiday in Bukit Bendera. One of friend decided to take some snapshots. So we all were dressed up and ready to be shot. We had our private photographs taken first, and then we decided to have company photographs. But one of my friends gave us a warning that did not made up any classify of three. He said that misfortune will befall one of the three if they have their photographs taken together After listened that everyone avoided being in a group of three. Although I STUDY SKILLS IN ENGLISH SSE 131 never heard of such a thing before but after hearing it, I did not want to take the risk. Actually it spoiled the fun a bit. I felt it was difficult to believe, even photographs can be superstitious. Honestly speaking, I do not know how much truth t present is in this illogical belief but I do not dare to raise it. After reading this, will you still dare to have your photograph to be taken with ii other people? The number three is in like manner taboo among cigarette smokers. On occasions I have seen a group of people lighting up their cigarettes only to a maximum of two persons per lighted match. Actually the light is slowly extinguished after two persons and then person number three will substance abuse a new(a) match. This I have to define as the belief that maybe some tragedy will strike the third person who receives a lighted match. Well, here is another belief not to be challenged.When you are having a baby, there are some beliefs especially for the Chines e pregnant ladies such as Dont use glue when you are pregnant because it will cause a difficult birth. Another thing is if you strike an animal during pregnancy, the newborn child will odour like that animal and behave like one.

The Symbolism of Hester Prynnes Appearance in The Scarlet Letter :: Essays Papers

The Symbolism of Hester Prynnes Appearance in The Scarlet Letter passim The Scarlet Letter, the author Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many literal and figurative occurrences to illustrate the signifi send awayce of various characters or themes. Coupled with the tangible evidence given, the reader substructure settle many miscellaneous assumptions of the importance of these items to directly and indirectly contribute to the issues of the novel. One cryptic item that symbolizes more than it depends to is the appearance of one of the main characters, Hester Prynne. Hester Prynnes appearance and hairs-breadth signify the levels of will and determination she possesses at the moment.The first example of this implication occurs at the lineage of the novel, during and before the first scaffold scene. Hesters hair is let down, light and so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam. This hair compliments an elegant, good-looking charr standing tall and proud. During this time, Hest ers emotions, at full integrity, mirroring her appearance. When Hester is being questioned upon the scaffold, her honor shines through when she refuses to name the partner of her sin. In the next example, Hesters pride and stature both seem to dwindle in accordance to her appearance.Within the next sevensome years, Hester has gone through a change both physically and emotionally. The book describes the violent letter to have absorbed all the rebellious and fiery qualities of Hester, going away a cold and lonely woman, her tenderness crushed so deeply into her heart that it can never show itself more. At the same time, Hester started hiding her beautiful rich hair in a cap, therefore practically eliminating her beauty and femininity. As Hester becomes less(prenominal) passionate internally, she becomes less passionate externally as well.The make it example takes place during Hesters talk with Arthur Dimmesdale in the forest. During their emotional conversation, Hester regains her previous composure, and tries to prove to Arthur that the past can be erased. With the literal simple gestures of pulling off her scarlet letter and taking off her cap, she figuratively obliterated all that had happened before she was forced to strike the scarlet letter. Her womanliness and pride came rushing back as her hair fell back to her shoulders, becoming as she was before the scarlet letter took over her life.The Symbolism of Hester Prynnes Appearance in The Scarlet Letter Essays papersThe Symbolism of Hester Prynnes Appearance in The Scarlet LetterThroughout The Scarlet Letter, the author Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many literal and figurative items to illustrate the significance of various characters or themes. Coupled with the tangible evidence given, the reader can make many miscellaneous assumptions of the importance of these items to directly and indirectly contribute to the issues of the novel. One cryptic item that symbolizes more than it seems to is the appearan ce of one of the main characters, Hester Prynne. Hester Prynnes appearance and hair signify the levels of will and determination she possesses at the moment.The first example of this implication occurs at the beginning of the novel, during and before the first scaffold scene. Hesters hair is let down, shining and so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam. This hair compliments an elegant, beautiful woman standing tall and proud. During this time, Hesters emotions, at full integrity, mirroring her appearance. When Hester is being questioned upon the scaffold, her virtue shines through when she refuses to name the partner of her sin. In the next example, Hesters pride and stature both seem to dwindle in accordance to her appearance.Within the next seven years, Hester has gone through a change both physically and emotionally. The book describes the scarlet letter to have absorbed all the rebellious and fiery qualities of Hester, leaving a cold and lonely woman, her tenderne ss crushed so deeply into her heart that it can never show itself more. At the same time, Hester started hiding her beautiful rich hair in a cap, therefore practically eliminating her beauty and femininity. As Hester becomes less passionate internally, she becomes less passionate externally as well.The last example takes place during Hesters talk with Arthur Dimmesdale in the forest. During their emotional conversation, Hester regains her previous composure, and tries to prove to Arthur that the past can be erased. With the literal simple gestures of pulling off her scarlet letter and taking off her cap, she figuratively obliterated all that had happened before she was forced to wear the scarlet letter. Her womanliness and pride came rushing back as her hair fell back to her shoulders, becoming as she was before the scarlet letter took over her life.